Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Undue stretching of Anterior Abdominal wall leads to white marks called?

Answer 1

Linea Albicans

Question 2

Normal Postion of Umblicus is?

Answer 2

Anterior midline between L3 and L4

Question 3

Skin around the Umblicus is supplied by?

Answer 3

t10

Question 4

Portocaval Anastamoses of Umblicus dilate and radiate in Portal hypertension to form?

Answer 4

Caput Medusae

Question 5

Umblicus is the meeting point of?

Answer 5

4 folds of embryonic plate- lateral, head and tail

Question 6

Umblicus is the meeting point of which 3 systems?

Answer 6

Digestive (Vitellointestinal” , Excretory (urachus) and Vascular (umblical vessels)

Question 7

Remnant of vitellointestinal Duct forms which tumor?

Answer 7

Rasberyy red/ cherry red tumor at umblicus

Question 8

Persistence if Vitellointestinal duct forms?

Answer 8

Fecal fistula

Question 9

Persistence of PROXIMAL part of Vitellointestinal duct is

Answer 9

Meckels diverticulum

Question 10

Persistemce of MIDDLE part of Vitellointestinal duct is

Answer 10

Enterocele

Question 11

Persistence of Urachus forms

Answer 11

Urinary fistula

Question 12

Superficial fascia of Anterior Abdominal wall is divided intno

Answer 12

Superficial fatty layer (Camper)

Deep membranous layer (Scarpa)

Question 13

Extravasation of Urine is prevented by

Answer 13

Holdens line- Attatchment of scarpa and colles fascia

Question 14

Membranous layer forms which 2 ligaments in midline

Answer 14

Suspensory ligament and fundifor ligament of penis or clitoris

Question 15

Contents of superficial fascia are

Answer 15

Nerves, vessles, lymphatics

Question 16

Skin of anterior Abdominal wall is supplied by

Answer 16

T7-T12 (lower 5 intercoastal and subcoastal) and L1 (iliohypogastric) –> 7 anterior cutanous and 2 lateral cutaneous( T10,T11)
T7- Near xiphoid process
T10- Umblicus
L1-above superficial inguinal ring

Question 17

Blood supply of Anterior Abdominal Wall is

Answer 17

1. Anterior Cutaneous via epigastric arteries
2. Lateral Cutaneous via Lower intercoastal arteries
3. Superficial inguinal artery via femoral artery (skin of lower part of abdomen)
4. superficial epigastric (Umblicus)
5. SuperficiaL External Pudendal (external genitalia)
6. Superficial circumflex iliac (skin of abdomen and thigh)

Question 18

Cutaneous veins of Anterior Abdominal wall drain into

Answer 18

Superficial inguinal > Great saphenous

Question 19

Which veins open up in vena caval obstructions

Answer 19

Thoracoepigastric

-flows backwards in superior ven caval obstructopm breaking watershed barrier

Question 20

Lymphatics of Ant. abdominal wall drain to

Answer 20

Above umblicus- axillary nodes

Bellow umblicus- superficial inguinal nodes

Question 21

What is the rectus sheath

Answer 21

Aponeurotic sheath covering rectus abdominis formed by decussating fibres of the 3 abdominal muscles (external and internal oblique, transversus abdominis)

Question 22

What are anterior and posterior rectus sheath formed of

Answer 22

Anteriorly- both leaves of external oblique and ant. leaf of internal oblique

Posteriory- Post. leaf of internal oblique and both leaves of transverus abdominis

Question 23

What are the 3 abdominal muscles called

Answer 23

Digastric

Question 24

what is linea alba

Answer 24

Tendinous raphe between xiphoid process and pubic symphysis. central tendon of 3 abdominal muscles

Question 25

What is fasica transversalis? its relations?

Answer 25

Part of fascia lning inner surface of transversus abdominis

1. anteriorly- linea alba
2. posteriorly- merges with thoracolumnar fascia and continous with renal fascia
3. superiorly- diaphragmatic fascia
4. interiorly- fascia iliaca

Question 26

Inguinal canal and boundaries

Answer 26

Oblique intermuscular passage in lower ant abdominal wall above medial half of inguinal ligament. deep to superficial inguinal ring
Walls:
1. Ant- skin, fascia, external and internal oblique aponeurorsis
2. Post- fascia transversalis, extraperitoneal tissue, peritonuem, conjoint tendon
3. Roof- fibers of transversus abdominis and INternal oblique
4. Floor- inguinal and lacunar ligament

Question 27

Structures passing through inguinal canal

Answer 27

Spermatic cord/ round ligament

ilioinguinal nerve

Question 28

Direct and indirect/oblique hernia

Answer 28

Indirect- Occurs due to patency of processus vaginalis

Dirct- through hasselbachs triangle via post wall of inguinal canal

Question 29

Extent of Ant Abdominal Wall

Answer 29

Superiorly- Xiphoid process, Costal cartiledges 7-12

Inferiorly- Pubic crest

Question 30

Inguinal ligament is formed by

Answer 30

Lower border of external oblique aponeurosis thicked and folded on itself

Question 31

Attatchments of inguinal ligament

Answer 31

Lower border- fascia lata

upper surface- gives rise to
internal oblique-lateral 2/3rd
transversus abdominis-latera; 1/3rd

Question 32

Conjoint tendon is formed by

Answer 32

fusion of the lower aponeuortic fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 33

Visceroptosis

Answer 33

Decreased tone of anterior abdominal wall muscles leading to protusuion of the wall

Question 34

Tuburcular infection of lung pleura may cause radiating pain in

Answer 34

Anterior abdominal wall due to same supply T7-L1

Question 35

swelling below and lateral to pubic tubercle

Answer 35

femoral hernia

Question 36

Common site for paracentesis

Answer 36

midway between umblicus and pubic symphysis

Question 37

Board like rigidity

Answer 37

Anterior abdominal wall muscles remain contracted due to peritonitis