Embryology 2 (respiratory)

Question 1

Folding of the embryo gives rise to the primitive

Answer 1

gut

Question 2

The gut tube forms from the

Answer 2

endoderm

Question 3

The endoderm forms the gut into three sections:

Answer 3

foregut

midgut

hindgut

Question 4

the trachea and lungs form from the

Answer 4

foregut

ventral wall

Question 5

When do the trachea and lungs develop?

Answer 5

week 4 of gestation

Question 6

The trachea lies ….. to the oesophagus

Answer 6

anterior

Question 7

what develops to separate the trachea (ventrally) and the oesophagus (dorsally)?

Answer 7

oesophagotracheal septum

Question 8

Fistula

Answer 8

abnormal or surgical made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface (or between two hollow or tubular organs)

Question 9

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF)

Answer 9

common (see diagram)

Question 10

Atresia

Answer 10

where a tube is closed (abnormally)

Question 11

The visceral pleura develops from the

Answer 11

sphlanchnic mesoderm

Question 12

Parietal pleura develops from the

Answer 12

somatic mesoderm

Question 13

The gap between parietal and visceral plaurae is called

Answer 13

pleuroperitoneal canals

Question 14

What forms around the primitive heat separating pleural cavities from pericardial cavity ?

Answer 14

pleuropericardial folds

Question 15

pseudoglandular stage set up all pulmonary structures except

Answer 15

those needed for gas exchange

Question 16

canalicular stage

Answer 16

terminal bronchioles give rise to tubes that make up respiratory part of the lung

Question 17

saccular stage

Answer 17

formation of alveolar space (and eventually the alveoli)

Question 18

Surfactant is a mixture of

Answer 18

phospholipids and proteins

Question 19

Surfactant is secreted by

Answer 19

type 2 penumocytes

Question 20

Surfactant purpose

Answer 20

counteracts surface tension at air-alveolar interface

Question 21

Respiratory distress system is also known as

Answer 21

hyaline membrane disease

Question 22

4 components that develop into the diaphragm

Answer 22

septum transverse

Question 23

septum transversum develops into …….

of the diaphragm

Answer 23

central tendon

Question 24

pleuroperitoneal membranes develops into …….

of the diaphragm

Answer 24

primitive diaphragm

Question 25

Doral mesentery of the oesophagus develops into the

of the diaphragm

Answer 25

median and crura

Question 26

muscular ingrowth from lateral body walls of the diaphragm develop into the

Answer 26

peripheral parts of the diaphragm

Question 27

congenital abnormalities of the resp system involves three major defects

Answer 27

failure of the diaphragm to completely close during development

herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest

pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 28

Hernia

Answer 28

general term used to describe a bulge or protrusion of an organ through the structure or muscle that usually contains it