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Yr1-S2 - Anatomy > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

middle mediastinum

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2
Q

Lymphatics

A

drain excess extracellular fluid from tissues

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3
Q

Two main circulations

A

pulmonary

systemic

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4
Q

Mediastinum

A

area of thoracic cavity between pleural sacs

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5
Q

the heart lies between vertebra ….. and …..

A

T5 and T8

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6
Q

Where is the apex of the heart?

A

5th intercostal space midclavicular line

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7
Q

Base of the heart is the

A

left atrium

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8
Q

Endocardium of the heart is made up of

A

epithelium

Basement membrane

connective tissue

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9
Q

myocardium of the heart is made up of

A

cardiac muscle

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10
Q

epicardium of the heart is made up of

A

epithelium

basement membrane

connective tissue

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11
Q

Endocardium lines

A

the heart chambers

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12
Q

Cardiac muscle type is

A

striated with lots of mitochondria

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13
Q

Intercalated discs

A

complex junctions that connect myocytes

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14
Q

myocytes can be connected by

A

desmosomes

at horizontal interface

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15
Q

Epicardium is the same layer as the

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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16
Q

Heart valves function

A

control the direction of blood flow

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17
Q

Cusps - thin structures derived from

A

endocardium

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18
Q

Stenosis is ….. of the heart valves

A

narrowing

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19
Q

Cusps in the pulmonary valve

A

3

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20
Q

cusps in the mitral valve

A

2

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21
Q

cusps in the tricuspid valve

A

3

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22
Q

cusps in the aortic valve

A

3

23
Q

other name for mitral/bicuspid valve

A

left atrioventricular

24
Q

other name for tricuspid valve

A

right atrioventricular

25
Q

two semi lunar valves

A

aortic

pulmonary

26
Q

two atrioventricular valves

A

tricuspid

bicuspid

27
Q

What holds the heart in place?

A

‘hangs’ by great vessels within fibrous pericardium

28
Q

left posterior sinus gives rise to

A

left coronary artery

29
Q

right posterior sinus gives rise to

A

nothing

30
Q

anterior sinus gives rise to

A

right coronary artery

31
Q

At systole - opening in aortic sinuses are shielded by the

A

aortic valve cusps

32
Q

occlusion

A

blockage

33
Q

coronary arteries are located in the

A

epicardium

34
Q

Tunica intima

A

epithelium

basement membrane

connective tissue

35
Q

Myocardium

A

cardiac muscle

36
Q

Tunica media

A

muscle

37
Q

tunica adventitia

A

connective tissue

38
Q

What kind of muscle is the tunica intima?

A

smooth

39
Q

arteries are usually …… in diameter than their accompanying vein

A

smaller

40
Q

arteries usually have a …… wall than their accompanying vein

A

thicker

41
Q

Arteries have a …. media

therefore a …… adventitia

A

thick

thin

42
Q

Veins have a …. media

therefore a …… adventitia

A

thin

thick

43
Q

Elastic arteries examples

large conducting ones

A

aorta

common carotid

pulmonary

44
Q

Muscular arteries examples

A

coronary arteries

radial

femoral

45
Q

Arterioles

A

terminal beaches which supply blood to the capillary bed

46
Q

during diastole the heart

A

relaxes

47
Q

Muscular arteries

elastic fibres are concentrated in 2 well-defined sheets called the

A

internal elastic lamina

external/outer elastic lamina

48
Q

Where are the IEL and O/EEL?

A

either side of the tunica media in muscular arteries

49
Q

Arterioles lack a

A

tunica adventitia

50
Q

Capillaries lack a

A

tunica media and tunica adventitia

51
Q

Capillaries are the main site for

A

exchange of nutrients and gases

52
Q

Blood pressure in the capillaries is

A

very low

53
Q

3 types of capillary

A

continuous

fenestrated

discontinuous

54
Q

Sinusoids

A

large diameter discontinuous capillaries

found where large amount of exchange takes place

Yr1-S2 - Anatomy (13 decks)

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