Cardiovascular Anatomy

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

middle mediastinum

Question 2

Lymphatics

Answer 2

drain excess extracellular fluid from tissues

Question 3

Two main circulations

Answer 3

pulmonary

systemic

Question 4

Mediastinum

Answer 4

area of thoracic cavity between pleural sacs

Question 5

the heart lies between vertebra ….. and …..

Answer 5

T5 and T8

Question 6

Where is the apex of the heart?

Answer 6

5th intercostal space midclavicular line

Question 7

Base of the heart is the

Answer 7

left atrium

Question 8

Endocardium of the heart is made up of

Answer 8

epithelium

Basement membrane

connective tissue

Question 9

myocardium of the heart is made up of

Answer 9

cardiac muscle

Question 10

epicardium of the heart is made up of

Answer 10

epithelium

basement membrane

connective tissue

Question 11

Endocardium lines

Answer 11

the heart chambers

Question 12

Cardiac muscle type is

Answer 12

striated with lots of mitochondria

Question 13

Intercalated discs

Answer 13

complex junctions that connect myocytes

Question 14

myocytes can be connected by

Answer 14

desmosomes

at horizontal interface

Question 15

Epicardium is the same layer as the

Answer 15

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Question 16

Heart valves function

Answer 16

control the direction of blood flow

Question 17

Cusps - thin structures derived from

Answer 17

endocardium

Question 18

Stenosis is ….. of the heart valves

Answer 18

narrowing

Question 19

Cusps in the pulmonary valve

Answer 19

3

Question 20

cusps in the mitral valve

Answer 20

2

Question 21

cusps in the tricuspid valve

Answer 21

3

Question 22

cusps in the aortic valve

Answer 22

3

Question 23

other name for mitral/bicuspid valve

Answer 23

left atrioventricular

Question 24

other name for tricuspid valve

Answer 24

right atrioventricular

Question 25

two semi lunar valves

Answer 25

aortic pulmonary

Question 26

two atrioventricular valves

Answer 26

tricuspid bicuspid

Question 27

What holds the heart in place?

Answer 27

'hangs' by great vessels within fibrous pericardium

Question 28

left posterior sinus gives rise to

Answer 28

left coronary artery

Question 29

right posterior sinus gives rise to

Answer 29

nothing

Question 30

anterior sinus gives rise to

Answer 30

right coronary artery

Question 31

At systole - opening in aortic sinuses are shielded by the

Answer 31

aortic valve cusps

Question 32

occlusion

Answer 32

blockage

Question 33

coronary arteries are located in the

Answer 33

epicardium

Question 34

Tunica intima

Answer 34

epithelium basement membrane connective tissue

Question 35

Myocardium

Answer 35

cardiac muscle

Question 36

Tunica media

Answer 36

muscle

Question 37

tunica adventitia

Answer 37

connective tissue

Question 38

What kind of muscle is the tunica intima?

Answer 38

smooth

Question 39

arteries are usually ...... in diameter than their accompanying vein

Answer 39

smaller

Question 40

arteries usually have a ...... wall than their accompanying vein

Answer 40

thicker

Question 41

Arteries have a .... media | therefore a ...... adventitia

Answer 41

thick thin

Question 42

Veins have a .... media | therefore a ...... adventitia

Answer 42

thin thick

Question 43

Elastic arteries examples | large conducting ones

Answer 43

aorta common carotid pulmonary

Question 44

Muscular arteries examples

Answer 44

coronary arteries radial femoral

Question 45

Arterioles

Answer 45

terminal beaches which supply blood to the capillary bed

Question 46

during diastole the heart

Answer 46

relaxes

Question 47

Muscular arteries elastic fibres are concentrated in 2 well-defined sheets called the

Answer 47

internal elastic lamina external/outer elastic lamina

Question 48

Where are the IEL and O/EEL?

Answer 48

either side of the tunica media in muscular arteries

Question 49

Arterioles lack a

Answer 49

tunica adventitia

Question 50

Capillaries lack a

Answer 50

tunica media and tunica adventitia

Question 51

Capillaries are the main site for

Answer 51

exchange of nutrients and gases

Question 52

Blood pressure in the capillaries is

Answer 52

very low

Question 53

3 types of capillary

Answer 53

continuous fenestrated discontinuous

Question 54

Sinusoids

Answer 54

large diameter discontinuous capillaries found where large amount of exchange takes place