Embryo urinary tract Flashcards
urinary tract derived from which part of mesoderm?
intermediate mesoderm
3 sets of embryonic kidneys
- pronephros
- mesonephros
- metanephros
pronephros
week 4
cervical region
transitory, nonfunctional
metanephros
late week 4
temporary function
includes nephrotomes, mesonephric ducts and tubules
metanephros
5th week
by 12th week, most of amniotic fluid is urine
permanent kidney
derivatives of ureteric bud
ureters, renal pelvis
derivatives of mesonephric duct
collecting tubules, calices
urogenital ridge forms 2 things
- nephrogenic cord
2. gonadal ridge
metanephric mesoderm (aka blastema) derived from
caudal part of nephrogenic cord
derivative of metanephric mesoderm (aka blastema)
nephron- renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted
ureteric bud and metanephric buds undergo what kind of induction?
reciprocal induction
difference in fetal kidney appearance
they are lobulated
positional change of kidneys
initially in pelvis, but appear to ascend as caudal portion of embryo grows to the lumbar region
rotation of kidneys
rotate 90 degrees medially
blood supply of kidneys changes with ‘ascent’
common iliac –> renal a. off abdominal aorta
what divides the cloacal membrane? and what does it form in contact with the cloacal membrane?
urorectal septum
forms the perineal body
ventral and dorsal divisions of cloaca?
ventral- urogenital sinus- mostly bladder
dorsal- rectum
urogenital sinus derivatives
vesicle- bladder
pelvic- urethra
phallic- grows towards genital tubercle
2 germ layers that contribute to bladder?
endoderm = epithelium
splanchnic mesoderm = smooth muscle
trigone region?
where the ureters and urethra connect to the bladder and form a triangle
continuous of bladder with allantois remains in adult as
the urachus –> median umbilical ligament
positional change of bladder from infants to adults
from abdomen in kids to pelvis in adults
urethra derived from which germ layers?
endoderm of urogenital sinus (epithelium) splanchnic mesoderm (CT and smooth m.)
distal part of urethra in male derived from glandular plate which is epithelium
adrenal glands (not part of urinary system but described bc of their relation to kidney) derived from which germ layers?
mesoderm - cortex
neural crest cells (ectoderm)- medulla
layers of the adrenal medulla from superficial to deep
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasciculata
- zona reticularis
what do the layers of the adrenal medulla produce?
hormones that regulate:
- zona g- salt
- zona f- sugar
- zona r- sex
the deeper you go the better it gets
size relationship of fetal adrenal glands to fetal kidneys
adrenal glands > kidneys
size relationship of fetal adrenal glands to adult adrenal glands
fetal > adult adrenals
renal agenesis
no kidney, no amniotic fluid, no muscle or lung development
characteristics called potter’s sequence
when connection between endoderm of urethra and epithelium of glandular plate is not established
tissue is not obliterated- urine cannot exit body
–> no amniotic fluid because urine trapped inside body
can see bladder > head in ultrasound
lethal but can try to shunt urine from bladder to amniotic cavity
adult derivatives of the cloaca
rectum, anus, urethra, bladder, distal part of vagina
fate of the allantois?
connection between yolk sac and hindgut
becomes urachus aka median umbilical ligament
