Branchial arches Flashcards
What does “branchial” mean?
Related to gills
What are the 4 components of the brachial apparatus
- branchial arches
- pharyngeal pouches
- branchial grooves
- branchial membranes
How many swellings are visible by day 28?
4, although there are 6 arches
Which 2 arches are closely related?
4 and 6
Which cells migrate to the branchial arches?
neural crest cells
what are the 4 components of the branchial arch?
- nerve
- muscles derived from mesenchyme
- skeletal/ cartilage component
- artery (derivatives of aortic arch)
Nerve of the 1st arch?
Trigeminal V
Nerve of the 2nd arch?
Facial
Nerve of the 3rd arch?
glossopharyngeal
nerve of the 4th arch?
vagus
nerve of the 5th and 6th arches?
cranial root of the accessory n.
From which 2 structures are muscles of the head and neck derived?
- branchial arches- branchial muscles
2. Somites
Skeletal component of arch 1?
Meckel’s cartilage, precursor of mandible, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament
Skeletal component of 2nd arch?
stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament
Skeletal component of 3rd arch?
hyoid bone
Skeletal component of 4-6th arch?
laryngeal cartilage
Muscles of arch 1?
muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
What are the 4 muscles of mastication?
Temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid
Muscles of arch 2?
facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, plastysma, buccinator, auricular, occipitofrontalis
muscles of arch 3?
stylopharyngeus
muscles of arch 4-6?
cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, pharyngeal constrictors, palatoglossus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
artery of arch 1?
1st pair of aortic arches
