Embryo foregut

Question 1

epithelium and glands from which germ layer?

Answer 1

endoderm

Question 2

musculature, connective tissue, and gut wall from?

Answer 2

splanchnic mesenchyme

Question 3

splanchnic mesoderm in the abdominal cavity is the _____ peritoneum

Answer 3

visceral

Question 4

what is mesentery?

Answer 4

double layer of visceral peritoneum (splanchnic mesoderm)

Question 5

derivatives of foregut

Answer 5

primordial pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to bile duct, liver, biliary apparatus, pancreas

Question 6

blood supply to foregut (except pharynx, LRT, esophagus)

Answer 6

celiac trunk

Question 7

musculature of esophagus

Answer 7

upper 1/3- skeletal
middle 1/3- skeletal and smooth
lower 1/3- smooth

Question 8

esophagus innervation

Answer 8

vagus (primarily GSE and GVE)

Question 9

tracho-esophageal atresia/fistula

Answer 9

failure of recanalization of esophagus or failure of TE septum to develop

Question 10

stomach rotation

Answer 10

90 degrees clockwise

Question 11

stomach location

Answer 11

upper left

Question 12

congenital pyloric stenosis

Answer 12

no food into duodenum- projectile vomiting

Question 13

dual supply of duodenum

Answer 13

celiac and SMA

Question 14

does duodenum undergo recanalization?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

failure of recanalization of duodenum can result in

Answer 15

duodenal stenosis- vomiting of stomach contents with bile

duodenal atresia

Question 16

duodenal atresia

Answer 16

blind ending- complete occlusion, no recanalization

associated with Down’s syndrome

see dilated duodenum- double bubble on CT

Question 17

liver and biliary apparatus derived from what embryologic structure?

Answer 17

hepatic diverticulum

Question 18

Cranial part of hepatic diverticulum develops into

Answer 18

liver

Question 19

caudal part of hepatic diverticulum

Answer 19

gall bladder

Question 20

bile duct is comprised of

Answer 20

hepatic and cystic duct

Question 21

derivatives of ventral mesentery

Answer 21

lesser omentum- hepatoduodenal ligament, hepatogastric lig.

falciform lig.

coronary lig.

R and L triangular lig.

(liver stuff- except for bare area)

Question 22

derivatives of dorsal mesentery

Answer 22

greater omentum (gastrophrenic, gastrolienal, gastrocolic)

lienorenal

transverse melsocolon

Question 23

ventral and dorsal buds of pancreas

Answer 23

ventral swings posterior to duodenum to fuse with dorsal bud

Question 24

annular pancreas

Answer 24

results from incorrect rotation of ventral bud

can wrap around duodenum leading to duodenal stenosis

Question 25

2 things can result in duodenal stenosis

Answer 25

failure of recanalization

annular pancreas

Question 26

4 borders of epiploic foramen

Answer 26

sup- liver
inf- duodenum
ant- hepatoduodenal lig.
post- abdominal wall (IVC)