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Structures > Embryo heart > Flashcards

Embryo heart Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system derived from which germ layer?

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

CV system forms in which embryonic body cavity?

A

intraembryonic coelom

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3
Q

Pharyngeal endoderm induces mesoderm to form..

A

blood islands and cardiac myocytes in the intraembryonic coelom

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4
Q

Where does the cardiogenic area start off at?

A

anterior to the oropharyngeal membrane- moves to thorax with cranial folding

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5
Q

Angiogenic cords from cardiogenic mesoderm are precursors to what?

A

paired heart tubes –> aorta and heart

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6
Q

Vitelline, umbilical, and cardinal arteries and veins empty at…

A

caudal end of fetus

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7
Q

The heart tube is precursor to…

A

aortic sac, truncus arteriosus, bulbis cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium, sinus venosus

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8
Q

Endocardial cushions important for…

A

Partitioning primitive atrium and ventricle,

Partitioning of R and L AV canals, role in formation of AV valves

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9
Q

Circulation in primitive heart:

A

umbilical v (high O2), cardinal v (low O2), vitelline v (low O2) –> sinus venosus –> atria –> ventricle –> bulbus cordis –> truncus arteriosus –> aortic arches –> dorsal aorta –> body and placenta

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10
Q

primitive atria are divided by 2 septa

A
  1. septum primum

2. septum secundum

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11
Q

interventricular septum

A

thick mesodermal tissue that grows towards endocardial cushions

caused by differential (fast) growth of cells in the IV septum region

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12
Q

2 parts of interventricular septum

A

membranous- forms at bulbar ridges

muscular

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13
Q

foramen primum

A

formed near the endocardial cushions as the septum primum grows towards the endocardial cushions

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14
Q

foramen secundum

A

formed by fenestrations of septum primum

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15
Q

foramen ovale formed in which septum?

A

formed in the septum secundum

covered by flap of septum primum

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16
Q

role of foramen ovale

A

shunts blood from R –> L atrium

allows blood to bypass lungs

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17
Q

when does foramen ovale close and how does it exist in the adult?

A

closes at birth when L atrium pressure increases and pulmonary vascular resistance decreases

remains as fossa ovalis

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18
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

occurs when flap of septum primum does not close

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19
Q

separation of the aorta and pulmonary artery occurs by…

A

180 degree spiraling of conotruncal ridges in truncus arteriosis –> aorticopulmonary septum

20
Q

pulmonary artery is ___ (position) to the aorta

A

anterior

21
Q

semilunar valves

A

aortic and pulmonary valves

22
Q

what forms the semilunar valves

A

the connection between the conotruncal ridges and the interventricular septum

23
Q

what forms the AV valves?

A

from proliferation of tissue around the endocardial cushions

24
Q

aortic arches

A

connected to the dorsal aorta, associated with the corresponding pharyngeal arch

25
Q

left 4th pharyngeal aortic arch derivative

A

forms most of aortic arch itself

26
Q

left 6th pharyngeal aortic arch

A

forms ductus arteriosis that shunts blood from pulmonary artery –> aorta

27
Q

fetal circulation is defined by 3 shunts

A
  1. ductus arteriosis
  2. foramen ovale
  3. ductus venosus
28
Q

ductus venosus

A

shunts oxygenated blood from umbilical vein to IVC

bypasses liver

29
Q

remnants of the 3 shunt systems:

A
  1. ductus arteriosis to ligamentum arteriosis
  2. foramen ovale to fossa ovalis
  3. ductus venosus to ligamentum venosus

umbilical vein to ligamentum teres (round ligament) of falciform

30
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A
  1. overriding aorta
  2. pulmonary stenosis
  3. right ventricle hypertrophy
  4. ventricular septal defect
31
Q

umbilical vein - high or low O2?

A

high O2

32
Q

cardinal veins- high or low O2

A

low O2

33
Q

vitelline veins- high or low O2

A

low O2

34
Q

umbilical vein drains from?

A

placenta

35
Q

cardinal veins drain from?

A

embryo body

36
Q

vitelline veins drain from?

A

yolk sac and GI tract

37
Q

derivatives of cardinal veins

A

right- SVC

left- major veins like coronary sinus, int. jugular, brachiocephalic, azygous, common iliac

38
Q

derivatives of vitelline veins

A

right- hepatic v, IVC

left- (hepatic) portal v.

39
Q

derivatives of umbilical vein

A

ligamentum venosus

ligamentum teres of falciform ligament

40
Q

derivative of sinus venosus

A

smooth RA

41
Q

derivative of primitive atrium

A

RA, LA

42
Q

derivative of primitive ventricle

A

LV, RV- trabeculated

43
Q

deriv of bulbus cordis

A

LV, RV- smooth

44
Q

deriv of truncus arteriosis

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

45
Q

deriv of aortic sac and dorsal aorta

A

aortic arch and descending aorta

Structures (22 decks)

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