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Emergency Medicine EOR > EM - Urology/Renal > Flashcards

EM - Urology/Renal Flashcards

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1
Q

s/s of renal failure

A

-Oliguria
-increased BUN and creatinine
-proteinuria
-anemia
-swelling

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2
Q

Diagnosis of Renal Failure

A

Urinalysis
Serum creatinine
Diagnostic imaging
Renal biopsy

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3
Q

Treatment of renal failure

A

-dialysis
-kidney transplant

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4
Q

etiology of acute cystitis

A

etiology of acute cystitis

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5
Q

s/s of acute cystitis

A

-dysuria
-frequency
-urgency
-hematuria

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6
Q

diagnosis of acute cystitis

A

acute cystitis
UA with culture

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7
Q

treatment of acute cystitis

A

-5 days of macrobid
-3 days of bactrim

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8
Q

Etiology of epididymitis

A

-men under 40: STD (35?)
-men over 40: UTI

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9
Q

S/S of epididymitis

A

-fever
-pain and swelling
-cystitis sx
-tender and swollen testicles
-positive prehn’s sign

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10
Q

diagnosis of epididymitis

A

-UA
-urethral swab

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11
Q

Treatment of epididymitis

A

-NSAIDs
-Rest
-rocephin + doxy
(ROSH said Levo for non STD risk)

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12
Q

etiology of isotonic fluid volume deficit

A

-loss of body fluids
-decreased fluid intake

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13
Q

s/s of isotonic fluid volume deficit

A

-dehydration
-hypotension
-tachycardia

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14
Q

management of isotonic fluid volume deficit

A

replace fluids with NS

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15
Q

etiology of isotonic fluid volume excess

A

-organ failure
-increased fluid intake

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16
Q

s/s of isotonic fluid volume excess

A

-pulmonary edema
-distended neck veins
-ascites
-edema

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17
Q

treatment of isotonic fluid volume excess

A

-diuretics
-reduce Na intake

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18
Q

etiology of hyponatremia

A

-diuretics
-hypotonic IV solutions
-excessive water intake

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19
Q

s/s of hyponaturemia

A

-neuro sx
-n/v/d
-malaise

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20
Q

management of hyponatremia

A

-fluid restriction
-salt tablets
-tolvaptan

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21
Q

etiology of hypernatremia

A

-increased Na intake
-loss of body water

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22
Q

s/s of hypernatremia

A

-neuro sx
-thirst
-oliguria
-hypotension
-tachycardia

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23
Q

treatment of hypernatremia

A

-fluid replacement

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24
Q

etiology of hypokalemia

A

-renal loss
-vomiting and diarrhea
-diuretics

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25
Q

s/s of hypokalemia

A

-weakness
-cramps
-constipation
-hypotension
-palpitations
-dysrhythmias (u wave)

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26
Q

management of hypokalemia

A

potassium replacement

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27
Q

etiology of hyperkalemia

A

-excess intake
-CKD
-meds like ACEIs and ARBs

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28
Q

s/s of hyperkalemia

A

-weakness
-cramps
-diarrhea
-cramps
-n/v
-dysrhythmias
-palpitations
-hypotension

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29
Q

management of hyperkalemia

A

-IV calcium gluconate
-IV insulin and glucose

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30
Q

etiology of hypocalcemia

A

-hypoparathyroidism
-vit D deficiency
-CKD

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31
Q

s/s of hypocalcemia

A

-chvostek
-trossear
-dysrhythmias (prolonged QT)
-bone pain and fractures

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32
Q

management of hypocalcemia

A

-IV calcium

33
Q

etiology of hypercalcemia

A

-hyperparathyroidism
-cancer
-excess vitamin D

34
Q

s/s of hypercalcemia

A

“stones, bones, moans, psychic groans”

35
Q

management of hypercalcemia

A

-loop diuretics
-fluids

36
Q

etiology of hypomagnesemia

A

babinski
-chvostek
-trosseau
-cramps
-dysrhythmias
-nystagmus
-choreiform movements

37
Q

treatment of hypomagnesemia

A

-IV mag

38
Q

etiology of hypermagnesemia

A

-CKD

39
Q

s/s of hypermagnesemia

A

-bradycardia
-hypotension
-lethargy
-confusion
-diminished reflexes

40
Q

treatment of hypermagnesemia

A

IV calcium

41
Q

s/s of acute glomerulonephritis

A

-HTN
-edema
-proteinuria
-RBC casts

42
Q

immune complex deposition glomerulonephritis

A

antigen-antibody complexes lodge in glomerular basement membrane which cause complement to destroy membrane

43
Q

anti-GBM associated acute glomerulonephritis

A

autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane

44
Q

pauci-immune glomerulonephritis

A

small vessel vasculitis with no immune complexes

45
Q

treatment of glomerulonephritis

A

high dose steroids

46
Q

urge incontinence

A

state in which a person experiences involuntary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void

47
Q

stress incontinence

A

involuntary urine leakage with increase in pressure

48
Q

overflow incontinence

A

frequent or constant dribbling of urine due to bladder distention due to blockage

49
Q

functional incontinence

A

inability to recognize need to urinate or get to restroom in a timely fashion when the need to urinate arises

50
Q

treatment of urge incontinence

A

-lifestyle modifications
-kegels
-anticholinergics

51
Q

treatment of overflow incontinence

A

-lifestyle modifications
-treat underlying cause
-indwelling catheter

52
Q

treatment of functional incontinence

A

-lifestyle modification

53
Q

what are most kidney stones made of?

A

Calcium oxalate

54
Q

s/s of nephrolithiasis

A

-acute, severe flank pain
-hematuria
-urgency and frequency
-n/v

55
Q

diagnosis of nephrolithiasis

A

-CT

56
Q

treatment of nephrolithiasis

A

-pain control
-hydration

57
Q

etiology of orchitis

A

-mumps
-complication of epididymitis

58
Q

s/s of orchitis

A

-swelling, tenderness, and erythema of testis
-scrotal pain
-fever

59
Q

diagnosis fo orchitis

A

clinical

60
Q

treatment of orchitis

A

-NSAIDs and rest
-rocephin + doxy

61
Q

etiology of acute bacterial prostatitis

A

-bacterial ascension up the urinary tract
-E. coli MC

62
Q

s/s of acute bacterial prostatitis

A

-fever
-perineal pain
-irritative voiding
-hot, exquisitely tender prostate

63
Q

t/f DREs are CI for bacterial prostatitis

A

true

64
Q

treatment of bacterial prostatitis

A

-cipro IV
-bactrim PO or cipro PO

65
Q

s/s of chronic bacterial prostatitis

A

-boggy, tender, enlarged prostate
-irritative voiding
-dull perineal pain

66
Q

diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis

A

-culture after prostatic massage

67
Q

treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis

A

fluoroquinolone or bactrim

68
Q

etiology of pyelonephritis

A

Ecoli that travels from lower urinary tracts

69
Q

s/s of pyelonephritis

A

-fever
-chills
-n/v/d
-flank pain
-CVA tenderness

70
Q

diagnosis of pyelonephritis

A

-UA

71
Q

treatment of pyelonephritis

A

-IV rocephin or cipro
-PO cipro or bactrim

72
Q

risk factors for testicular torsion

A

-bell clapper deformity
-trauma
-vigorous exercise
-cryptorchidism

73
Q

s/s of testicular torsion

A

-unilateral severe scrotal pain and swelling
-negative prehn’s sign
-cremasteric reflex

74
Q

diagnosis of testicular torsion

A

doppler US

75
Q

treatment of testicular torsion

A

surgery

76
Q

etiology of urethritis

A

-gonorrhea
-chlamydia

77
Q

s/s of urethritis

A

-irritative voiding
-thin, watery discharge

78
Q

treatment of urethritis

A

treat the bug

Emergency Medicine EOR (12 decks)

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