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Emergency Medicine EOR > EM - Urology/Renal > Flashcards

EM - Urology/Renal Flashcards

1
Q

s/s of renal failure

A

-Oliguria
-increased BUN and creatinine
-proteinuria
-anemia
-swelling

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2
Q

Diagnosis of Renal Failure

A

Urinalysis
Serum creatinine
Diagnostic imaging
Renal biopsy

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3
Q

Treatment of renal failure

A

-dialysis
-kidney transplant

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4
Q

etiology of acute cystitis

A

etiology of acute cystitis

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5
Q

s/s of acute cystitis

A

-dysuria
-frequency
-urgency
-hematuria

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6
Q

diagnosis of acute cystitis

A

acute cystitis
UA with culture

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7
Q

treatment of acute cystitis

A

-5 days of macrobid
-3 days of bactrim

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8
Q

Etiology of epididymitis

A

-men under 40: STD (35?)
-men over 40: UTI

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9
Q

S/S of epididymitis

A

-fever
-pain and swelling
-cystitis sx
-tender and swollen testicles
-positive prehn’s sign

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10
Q

diagnosis of epididymitis

A

-UA
-urethral swab

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11
Q

Treatment of epididymitis

A

-NSAIDs
-Rest
-rocephin + doxy
(ROSH said Levo for non STD risk)

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12
Q

etiology of isotonic fluid volume deficit

A

-loss of body fluids
-decreased fluid intake

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13
Q

s/s of isotonic fluid volume deficit

A

-dehydration
-hypotension
-tachycardia

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14
Q

management of isotonic fluid volume deficit

A

replace fluids with NS

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15
Q

etiology of isotonic fluid volume excess

A

-organ failure
-increased fluid intake

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16
Q

s/s of isotonic fluid volume excess

A

-pulmonary edema
-distended neck veins
-ascites
-edema

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17
Q

treatment of isotonic fluid volume excess

A

-diuretics
-reduce Na intake

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18
Q

etiology of hyponatremia

A

-diuretics
-hypotonic IV solutions
-excessive water intake

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19
Q

s/s of hyponaturemia

A

-neuro sx
-n/v/d
-malaise

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20
Q

management of hyponatremia

A

-fluid restriction
-salt tablets
-tolvaptan

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21
Q

etiology of hypernatremia

A

-increased Na intake
-loss of body water

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22
Q

s/s of hypernatremia

A

-neuro sx
-thirst
-oliguria
-hypotension
-tachycardia

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23
Q

treatment of hypernatremia

A

-fluid replacement

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24
Q

etiology of hypokalemia

A

-renal loss
-vomiting and diarrhea
-diuretics

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25
s/s of hypokalemia
-weakness -cramps -constipation -hypotension -palpitations -dysrhythmias (u wave)
26
management of hypokalemia
potassium replacement
27
etiology of hyperkalemia
-excess intake -CKD -meds like ACEIs and ARBs
28
s/s of hyperkalemia
-weakness -cramps -diarrhea -cramps -n/v -dysrhythmias -palpitations -hypotension
29
management of hyperkalemia
-IV calcium gluconate -IV insulin and glucose
30
etiology of hypocalcemia
-hypoparathyroidism -vit D deficiency -CKD
31
s/s of hypocalcemia
-chvostek -trossear -dysrhythmias (prolonged QT) -bone pain and fractures
32
management of hypocalcemia
-IV calcium
33
etiology of hypercalcemia
-hyperparathyroidism -cancer -excess vitamin D
34
s/s of hypercalcemia
"stones, bones, moans, psychic groans"
35
management of hypercalcemia
-loop diuretics -fluids
36
etiology of hypomagnesemia
babinski -chvostek -trosseau -cramps -dysrhythmias -nystagmus -choreiform movements
37
treatment of hypomagnesemia
-IV mag
38
etiology of hypermagnesemia
-CKD
39
s/s of hypermagnesemia
-bradycardia -hypotension -lethargy -confusion -diminished reflexes
40
treatment of hypermagnesemia
IV calcium
41
s/s of acute glomerulonephritis
-HTN -edema -proteinuria -RBC casts
42
immune complex deposition glomerulonephritis
antigen-antibody complexes lodge in glomerular basement membrane which cause complement to destroy membrane
43
anti-GBM associated acute glomerulonephritis
autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane
44
pauci-immune glomerulonephritis
small vessel vasculitis with no immune complexes
45
treatment of glomerulonephritis
high dose steroids
46
urge incontinence
state in which a person experiences involuntary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void
47
stress incontinence
involuntary urine leakage with increase in pressure
48
overflow incontinence
frequent or constant dribbling of urine due to bladder distention due to blockage
49
functional incontinence
inability to recognize need to urinate or get to restroom in a timely fashion when the need to urinate arises
50
treatment of urge incontinence
-lifestyle modifications -kegels -anticholinergics
51
treatment of overflow incontinence
-lifestyle modifications -treat underlying cause -indwelling catheter
52
treatment of functional incontinence
-lifestyle modification
53
what are most kidney stones made of?
Calcium oxalate
54
s/s of nephrolithiasis
-acute, severe flank pain -hematuria -urgency and frequency -n/v
55
diagnosis of nephrolithiasis
-CT
56
treatment of nephrolithiasis
-pain control -hydration
57
etiology of orchitis
-mumps -complication of epididymitis
58
s/s of orchitis
-swelling, tenderness, and erythema of testis -scrotal pain -fever
59
diagnosis fo orchitis
clinical
60
treatment of orchitis
-NSAIDs and rest -rocephin + doxy
61
etiology of acute bacterial prostatitis
-bacterial ascension up the urinary tract -E. coli MC
62
s/s of acute bacterial prostatitis
-fever -perineal pain -irritative voiding -hot, exquisitely tender prostate
63
t/f DREs are CI for bacterial prostatitis
true
64
treatment of bacterial prostatitis
-cipro IV -bactrim PO or cipro PO
65
s/s of chronic bacterial prostatitis
-boggy, tender, enlarged prostate -irritative voiding -dull perineal pain
66
diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis
-culture after prostatic massage
67
treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis
fluoroquinolone or bactrim
68
etiology of pyelonephritis
Ecoli that travels from lower urinary tracts
69
s/s of pyelonephritis
-fever -chills -n/v/d -flank pain -CVA tenderness
70
diagnosis of pyelonephritis
-UA
71
treatment of pyelonephritis
-IV rocephin or cipro -PO cipro or bactrim
72
risk factors for testicular torsion
-bell clapper deformity -trauma -vigorous exercise -cryptorchidism
73
s/s of testicular torsion
-unilateral severe scrotal pain and swelling -negative prehn's sign -cremasteric reflex
74
diagnosis of testicular torsion
doppler US
75
treatment of testicular torsion
surgery
76
etiology of urethritis
-gonorrhea -chlamydia
77
s/s of urethritis
-irritative voiding -thin, watery discharge
78
treatment of urethritis
treat the bug

Emergency Medicine EOR (12 decks)

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