EM - Urology/Renal Flashcards
s/s of renal failure
-Oliguria
-increased BUN and creatinine
-proteinuria
-anemia
-swelling
Diagnosis of Renal Failure
Urinalysis
Serum creatinine
Diagnostic imaging
Renal biopsy
Treatment of renal failure
-dialysis
-kidney transplant
etiology of acute cystitis
etiology of acute cystitis
s/s of acute cystitis
-dysuria
-frequency
-urgency
-hematuria
diagnosis of acute cystitis
acute cystitis
UA with culture
treatment of acute cystitis
-5 days of macrobid
-3 days of bactrim
Etiology of epididymitis
-men under 40: STD (35?)
-men over 40: UTI
S/S of epididymitis
-fever
-pain and swelling
-cystitis sx
-tender and swollen testicles
-positive prehn’s sign
diagnosis of epididymitis
-UA
-urethral swab
Treatment of epididymitis
-NSAIDs
-Rest
-rocephin + doxy
(ROSH said Levo for non STD risk)
etiology of isotonic fluid volume deficit
-loss of body fluids
-decreased fluid intake
s/s of isotonic fluid volume deficit
-dehydration
-hypotension
-tachycardia
management of isotonic fluid volume deficit
replace fluids with NS
etiology of isotonic fluid volume excess
-organ failure
-increased fluid intake
s/s of isotonic fluid volume excess
-pulmonary edema
-distended neck veins
-ascites
-edema
treatment of isotonic fluid volume excess
-diuretics
-reduce Na intake
etiology of hyponatremia
-diuretics
-hypotonic IV solutions
-excessive water intake
s/s of hyponaturemia
-neuro sx
-n/v/d
-malaise
management of hyponatremia
-fluid restriction
-salt tablets
-tolvaptan
etiology of hypernatremia
-increased Na intake
-loss of body water
s/s of hypernatremia
-neuro sx
-thirst
-oliguria
-hypotension
-tachycardia
treatment of hypernatremia
-fluid replacement
etiology of hypokalemia
-renal loss
-vomiting and diarrhea
-diuretics
s/s of hypokalemia
-weakness
-cramps
-constipation
-hypotension
-palpitations
-dysrhythmias (u wave)
management of hypokalemia
potassium replacement
etiology of hyperkalemia
-excess intake
-CKD
-meds like ACEIs and ARBs
s/s of hyperkalemia
-weakness
-cramps
-diarrhea
-cramps
-n/v
-dysrhythmias
-palpitations
-hypotension
management of hyperkalemia
-IV calcium gluconate
-IV insulin and glucose
etiology of hypocalcemia
-hypoparathyroidism
-vit D deficiency
-CKD
s/s of hypocalcemia
-chvostek
-trossear
-dysrhythmias (prolonged QT)
-bone pain and fractures