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Emergency Medicine EOR > EM - OBGYN > Flashcards

EM - OBGYN Flashcards

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1
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

the failure to begin menstruating at puberty

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2
Q

secondary amenorrhea

A

absence of menses for >3 cycles or 6 months in a previously menstruating patient

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3
Q

sheehans syndrome

A

postpartum pituitary necrosis

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4
Q

workup of secondary amenorhea

A

-pregnancy test
-TSH and prolactin
-estrogen and progesterone challenge test

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5
Q

treatment of amenorrhea

A

-if desiring pregnancy: letrozole or clomid
-if not desiring pregnancy: estrogen/ progesterone

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6
Q

evaluation of dysfunctional uterine bleeding

A

-pelvic US
-endometrial biopsy
-hysteroscopy

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7
Q

treatment of premenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding

A

-observation
-hormone therapy
-definitive: hysterectomy

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8
Q

MC site of ectopic pregnancy

A

ampulla

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9
Q

diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy

A

US

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10
Q

treatment of ectopic pregnancy

A

-methotrexate

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11
Q

risk factors for endometriosis

A

-early menarche
-nulliparity
-family history
-heavy menstrual bleeding

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12
Q

s/s of endometriosis

A

-dysmenorrhea
-pelvic pain
-dyspareunia
-infertility
-tender nodules in posterior vaginal fornix

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13
Q

diagnosis of endometriosis

A

surgery with biopsy
-powder burn
-chocolate cysts

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14
Q

treatment of endometriosis

A

-NSAIDs
-OCPs
-surgical removal

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15
Q

MCC of mastitis

A

-staph aureus

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16
Q

s/s of mastitis

A

-painful erythematous lobule in outer quadrant of breast
-systemic signs of infection

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17
Q

treatment of mastitis

A

-avoid milk stasis
-warm compress
-dicloxacillin or keflex

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18
Q

etiology of breast abscess

A

mastitis

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19
Q

s/s of breast abscess

A

-redness, tender, fluctuant

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20
Q

treatment of breast abscess

A

I&D

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21
Q

etiology of functional ovarian cysts

A

cyclic ovarian changes

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22
Q

s/s of ovarian cysts

A

menstrual irregularities
-pelvic pressure or pain
-constipation or urinary frq

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23
Q

diagnosis of functional ovarian cysts

A

pelvic US

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24
Q

MC type of functional cyst

A

follicular

25
Q

etiology of follicular cyst

A

failure in ovulation

26
Q

s/s of follicular cyst

A

-usually asymptomatic

27
Q

treatment of follicular cyst

A

-observation
-OCPs

28
Q

etiology of corpus luteum cyst

A

accumulation of fluid inside a corpus luteum

29
Q

s/s of corpus luteum cyst

A

-local pain, tenderness
-amenorrhea

30
Q

treatment of corpus luteum cyst

A

-OCPs

31
Q

etiology of theca lutein cyst

A

elevated levels of HCG

32
Q

s/s of theca lutein cyst

A

-pelvic heaviness or aching

33
Q

treatment of theca lutein cyst

A

symptomatic

34
Q

etiology of endometrioma

A

endometric foci on ovarian surface

35
Q

s/s of endometrioma

A

-pelvic pain
-dyspareunia
-dysmenorrhea
-infertility

36
Q

treatment of endometrioma

A

as for endometriosis

37
Q

s/s of PID

A

-lower abdominal pain
-discharge
-n/v
-fever
-cervical motion tenderness

38
Q

etiology of PID

A

polymicrobial

39
Q

treatment of PID

A

-rocephin + doxy + flagyl

40
Q

etiology of placental abruption

A

premature separation of a normally implanted placenta

41
Q

s/s of placental abruption

A

-painful vaginal bleeding
-abdominal pain
-uterine tenderness
-fetal distress

42
Q

treatment of placental abruption

A

immediate delivery

43
Q

etiology of placenta previa

A

-placenta over or very near to the internal cervical os

44
Q

s/s of placenta previa

A

painless bright red bleeding

45
Q

diagnosis of placenta previa

A

transvaginal ultrasound

46
Q

treatment of placenta previa

A

-serial US
-delivery by CS

47
Q

s/s of PROM

A

-pooling of amniotic fluid

48
Q

diagnosis of PROM

A

-nitrazine swab
-ferning
-pooling of amniotic fluid within the vagina

49
Q

management of PROM

A

-patient hospitalized for remainder of pregnancy
-corticosteroids
-tocolysis
-antibiotics

50
Q

complete abortion

A

complete expulsion of all products of conception before 20 weeks

51
Q

treatment of complete abortion

A

-send POC to pathology

52
Q

incomplete abortion

A

-partial expulsion of some but not all POC before 20 weeks
-nonviable IUP on US

53
Q

treatment of incomplete abortion

A

-D&C
-prostaglandins
-cytotec

54
Q

inevitable abortion

A

no expulsion of products but vaginal bleeding and dilation of the cervix such that a viable pregnancy is unlikely
-IUP on US

55
Q

treatment of inevitable abortion

A

-prostaglandins
-expectant management

56
Q

missed abortion

A

-death of the embryo or fetus before 20 weeks with complete retention of all POC
-nonviable IUP on US

57
Q

treatment of missed abortion

A

-D&C
-prostaglandins
-expectant management

58
Q

threatened abortion

A

vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks without dilation of the cervix or expulsion of any POC

59
Q

Treatment of threatened abortion

A

-monitor

Emergency Medicine EOR (12 decks)

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