EM - EENT Flashcards
treatment of acute laryngitis
-viral: supportive
-bacterial: PCN or amoxicillin
-singers can be give steroids
etiology of otitis media
-viral that turns bacterial
-strep pneumo, mcat, hflu
s/s of otitis media
-ear pain
-bulging TM
-red RM
diagnosis of otitis media
clinical
treatment of otitis media
-amoxicillin
s/s of viral pharyngitis
-ulcers/blisters
-erythema
-swollen tonsils
-sore throat
-URI sx
diagnosis of viral pharyngitis
-do rapid strep first
-monospot
treatment of viral pharyngitis
supportive
s/s of strep throat
-sore throat
-odynophagia
-malaise
-tonsillar exudate
-sandpaper rash
-palatal petechiae
-strawberry tongue
diagnosis of strep throat
rapid strep
treatment of strep throat
PCN/ amoxicillin
MC sinus infection in acute sinusitis
maxillary
etiology of acute sinusitis
-viral URI precursor
s/s of acute sinusitis
-congestion
-purulent nasal discharge
-tooth pain
-face pain/pressure
-headache
diagnostic criteria of acute sinusitis
-s/s lasting 10 days without improving
-severe s/s for 3-4 days
-s/s improve and then worsen after 5-6 days
diagnosis of acute sinusitis
clinical
-CT is preferred but not utilized often
treatment of acute sinusitis
augmentin
etiology of allergic rhinitis
IgE reaction to allergens
s/s of allergic rhinitis
-URI
-shiners
-salute sign
-dennie morgan eyes
-boggy mucosa
diagnosis of allergic rhinitis
clinical
treatment of allergic rhinitis
-antihistamines
-intranasal steroids
etiology of barotrauma
-air travel
-underwater diving
treatment of barotrauma
-oral decongestants
-myringotomy
anterior vs posterior blepharitis
-anterior: eyelid skin, eyelashes, associated glands
-posterior: meiobian gland
s/s of blepharitis
-red rimmed
-scales in eyelashed
-inflamed meiobian glands
treatment of blepharitis
-anterior: anti-staph ointment
-posterior: gland expression
mc broken bone with blow out fracture
maxillary
diagnosis of blow out fracture
CT
treatment of blow out fracture
-pain control
s/s of corneal abrasion
-significant discomfort
-ciliary flush
-tearing
-foreign body sensation
-photophobia
diagnosis of corneal abrasion
Fluorescein stain
Corneal Ab. Tx
topical antibiotic ointment (Erythro)
CI: Topical Anesth
etiology of dacryoadenitis
-autoimmune
-viral
s/s of dacryoadenitis
upper eyelid swelling (lacrimal gland)
treatment of dacryoadenitis
-if bacterial: augmentin and i&d
-viral: supportive
s/s of dental abscess
-tooth pain
-gingival edema and redness
-discharge
-fluctuant mass
treatment of dental abscess
PCN VK + flagyl
MC location of epistaxis
Anterior, Kiesselbach’s plexus
management of anterior epistaxis
-apply pressure
-topical vasoconstrictor
-silver nitrate
-packing
management of posterior epistaxis
packing
etiology of acute angle glaucoma
angle between cornea and iris is decreased
s/s of acute angle glaucoma
-vision loss
-halos around the eyes
-HA
-severe eye pain
-n/v
-red steamy cornea
diagnosis of acute angle glaucoma
gonioscopy
-urgent ophthalmology referral
treatment of acute angle glaucoma
-acetazolmide + pilocarpine
-laser iridotomy
etiology of hyphema
blunt trauma
s/s of hyphema
-hemorrhage
-pain
-photophobia
-blurred vision
management of hyphema
-supine with head elevated
-hard eye shield
-no NSAIDs or ASA
s/s of macular degeneration
-loss of central vision
-new vessels on fundoscopic
treatment of macular degeneration
VEGF inhibitors
etiology of mastoiditis
untreated bacterial otitis media
s/s of mastoiditis
-posterior ear swelling and erythema
-proptosis
-fever
diagnosis of mastoiditis
CT
treatment of mastoiditis
-rocephin followed by oral augmentin
etiology of optic neuritis
MS
s/s of optic neuritis
-pain behind eye
-loss of color vision
-RAPD
-papillitis
treatment of optic neuritis
IV steroids
etiology of orbital cellulitis
extension of acute sinusitis
s/s of orbital cellulitis
-ptosis
-fever
-swelling
-limitation of EOM
-pain
treatment of orbital cellulitis
-IV vanc + rocephin
-then switch to bactrim (?)
s/s of preseptal cellulitis
-swelling
-erythema
-no proptosis
-no vision impairment
-no limitation of EOM
SX of Periorbital cellulitis
-swelling
-erythema
-no proptosis
-no vision impairment
-no limitation of EOM
Treatment of preseptal cellulitis
Same as Orbital Cellulitis (?)
MCC of otitis externa
Pseudomonas
s/s of otitis externa
-itching
-pain with palpation of tragus
-swelling
-erythema
treatment of otitis externa
-ciprodex or Ofloxacin
s/s of peritonsillar abscess
-sore throat
-fever
-muffled voice
-drooling
-odynophagia
-deviated uvula
-fluctuant tonsil
diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess
CT scan
treatment of peritonsillar abscess
-i&d
-IV abx then switch to oral
risk factors of retinal detachment
-nearsightedness
-cataract extraction
s/s of retinal detachment
-monocular vision loss
-curtain or veil
-floaters
-flashing lights
-eye pain
treatment of retinal detachment
surgery
s/s of retinal vein occlusion
-sudden, acute, painless, monocular vision loss
-first upon awakening
-blood and thunder fundus
treatment of retinal vein occlusion
-anti-VEGF
s/s of auricle hematoma
-cauliflower ear
treatment of auricle hematoma
-drain
-compressive dressing
treatment of auricular laceration
-auricle block
-suture
-compression dressing
