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emergency medicine eor > EM - Ortho > Flashcards

EM - Ortho Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

etiologies of low back pain

A

-injury to paravertebral spinal muscles
-intervertebral disk

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

management of low back pain

A

-reassurance and education
-NSAIDs and tylenol

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4
Q

MC MOI of cervical strain

A

whiplash

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5
Q

presentation of cervical strain

A

diffuse and nonradicular pain at the base of the skull

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6
Q

diagnosis of cervical strain

A

-cervical xray normal

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7
Q

management of cervical strain

A

-soft cervical collar
-NSAIDs

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8
Q

MOI of olecranon bursitis

A

direct blow

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9
Q

Presentation of olecranon bursitis

A

pain and swelling of bursa

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10
Q

diagnosis of bursitis

A

aspiration of fluid

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11
Q

management of bursitis

A

-mild: NSAIDs
-severe: aspirate, compression bandage

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12
Q

treatment of septic bursitis

A

mild: bactrim
severe: IV vanc

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13
Q

s/s of rotator cuff tendonitits

A

-aching and soreness with repetitive activity
-pain with ADLs
-positive empty can, neers, and hawkins
-tender to palpation

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14
Q

diagnosis of rotator cuff tendonitis

A

-US
-MRI

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15
Q

management of rotator cuff tendonitis

A

rest and PT

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16
Q

Etiologies of cauda equina syndrome

A

-disk herniation
-spinal stenosis
-spinal trauma
-neoplasm
-infection

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17
Q

s/s of cauda equina syndrome

A

-bowel and bladder incontinance
-low back pain
-saddle anesthesia
-radiculopathy
-weak anal tone

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18
Q

diagnosis of cauda equina

A

emergent MRI with contrast

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19
Q

treatment of cauda equina syndrome

A

urgent neuro consult

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20
Q

presentation of costochondritis

A

pain and tenderness on the breastbone, pain in multiple ribs that is reproducible

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21
Q

diagnosis of costochondritis

A

clinical

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22
Q

Treatment of costochondritis

A

NSAIDs

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23
Q

MOI of anterior shoulder dislocation

A

blow to abducted, internally rotated and extended arm

24
Q

s/s of anterior shoulder dislocation

A

-slight abduction
-external rotation
-prominent acromion

25
Q

MOI of posterior shoulder dislocation

A

blow to anterior portion of the shoulder

26
Q

s/s of posterior shoulder dislocation

A

-adducted and internally rotated
-inability to externally rotate
-prominent coracoid process

27
Q

MOI of inferior shoulder dislocation

A

axial loading with the arm fully abducted or forceful hyperabduction of the arm

28
Q

presentation of inferior shoulder dislocation

A

arm held above head, pronated with the inability to adduct

29
Q

arm held above head, pronated with the inability to adduct

A

-anterior: apprehension
-posterior: jerk
-inferior: sulcus

30
Q

complications of shoulder instability

A

-axillary nerve damage
-hill-sachs lesion
-disruption of labrum

31
Q

management of anterior shoulder dislocation

A

-stimson technique
-longitudinal traction

32
Q

management of inferior shoulder instability

A

axial traction

33
Q

management of posterior shoulder instability

A

traction-countertraction

34
Q

Types of AC injuries

A

-type 1: sprain
-type 2: AC ligament is torn, but CC joint is intact
-type 3: all ligaments are torn

35
Q

presentation of AC injury

A

-pain with abduction
-tenderness over joint

36
Q

treatment of AC injuries

A

-grade 1-3: ice, rest, and NSAIDs + sling
-grade 4: surgery

37
Q

s/s of gout

A

-swollen, red joint
-mc at night

38
Q

diagnosis of gout

A

-joint fluid analysis
-rat bite on xray

39
Q

treatment of gout

A

-low purine diet
-NSAIDs
-Colchicine
-Allopurinol
-corticosteroids for acute attack

40
Q

gout vs pseudogout

A

Gout - negatively birefringent; Crystals are NEEDLE shaped and yellow when parallel to the light

Pseudogout - weakly positive birefringent; Crystals are RHOMBOID shaped and blue when parallel to the light

41
Q

treatment of pseudogout

A

NSAIDs

42
Q

s/s of herniated nucleus pulposus

A

-abrupt and severe
-pain and numbness
-shooting or stabbing pain into the buttock and down the leg
-positive SLR

43
Q

indications for MRI for herniated NP

A

-symptoms for more than 4 weeks
-significant neuro deficit
-progressive neuro changes
-intolerable pain

44
Q

management of herniated NP

A

-NSAIDs
-steroids
-rest

45
Q

mc location of osteomyelitis

A

metaphysis of long bones

46
Q

S/S of osteomyelitis

A

-gradual onset of dull pain
-tender, warm, erythema, and swelling

47
Q

diagnosis of osteomyelitis

A

-blood cultures
-CT

48
Q

management of osteomyelitis-

A

antibiotics
-debridement

49
Q

mc location for compartment syndrome

A

lower leg

50
Q

s/s of compartment syndrome

A

-severe pain out of proportion to injury
-6 Ps

51
Q

diagnosis of compartment syndrome

A

stryker kit

52
Q

treatment of compartment syndrome

A

-if over 45: fasciotomy
-admit

53
Q

s/s of septic arthritis

A

-pain, swelling, heat over joint
-fever and chills

54
Q

diagnosis of septic arthritis

A

joint fluid analysis

55
Q

treatment of septic arthritis

A

-rocephin + vanc
-drainage of fluid

emergency medicine eor (12 decks)

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