EM - Ortho

Question 1

etiologies of low back pain

Answer 1

-injury to paravertebral spinal muscles
-intervertebral disk

Question 3

management of low back pain

Answer 3

-reassurance and education
-NSAIDs and tylenol

Question 4

MC MOI of cervical strain

Answer 4

whiplash

Question 5

presentation of cervical strain

Answer 5

diffuse and nonradicular pain at the base of the skull

Question 6

diagnosis of cervical strain

Answer 6

-cervical xray normal

Question 7

management of cervical strain

Answer 7

-soft cervical collar
-NSAIDs

Question 8

MOI of olecranon bursitis

Answer 8

direct blow

Question 9

Presentation of olecranon bursitis

Answer 9

pain and swelling of bursa

Question 10

diagnosis of bursitis

Answer 10

aspiration of fluid

Question 11

management of bursitis

Answer 11

-mild: NSAIDs
-severe: aspirate, compression bandage

Question 12

treatment of septic bursitis

Answer 12

mild: bactrim
severe: IV vanc

Question 13

s/s of rotator cuff tendonitits

Answer 13

-aching and soreness with repetitive activity
-pain with ADLs
-positive empty can, neers, and hawkins
-tender to palpation

Question 14

diagnosis of rotator cuff tendonitis

Answer 14

-US
-MRI

Question 15

management of rotator cuff tendonitis

Answer 15

rest and PT

Question 16

Etiologies of cauda equina syndrome

Answer 16

-disk herniation
-spinal stenosis
-spinal trauma
-neoplasm
-infection

Question 17

s/s of cauda equina syndrome

Answer 17

-bowel and bladder incontinance
-low back pain
-saddle anesthesia
-radiculopathy
-weak anal tone

Question 18

diagnosis of cauda equina

Answer 18

emergent MRI with contrast

Question 19

treatment of cauda equina syndrome

Answer 19

urgent neuro consult

Question 20

presentation of costochondritis

Answer 20

pain and tenderness on the breastbone, pain in multiple ribs that is reproducible

Question 21

diagnosis of costochondritis

Answer 21

clinical

Question 22

Treatment of costochondritis

Answer 22

NSAIDs

Question 23

MOI of anterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 23

blow to abducted, internally rotated and extended arm

Question 24

s/s of anterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 24

-slight abduction
-external rotation
-prominent acromion

Question 25

MOI of posterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 25

blow to anterior portion of the shoulder

Question 26

s/s of posterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 26

-adducted and internally rotated -inability to externally rotate -prominent coracoid process

Question 27

MOI of inferior shoulder dislocation

Answer 27

axial loading with the arm fully abducted or forceful hyperabduction of the arm

Question 28

presentation of inferior shoulder dislocation

Answer 28

arm held above head, pronated with the inability to adduct

Question 29

arm held above head, pronated with the inability to adduct

Answer 29

-anterior: apprehension -posterior: jerk -inferior: sulcus

Question 30

complications of shoulder instability

Answer 30

-axillary nerve damage -hill-sachs lesion -disruption of labrum

Question 31

management of anterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 31

-stimson technique -longitudinal traction

Question 32

management of inferior shoulder instability

Answer 32

axial traction

Question 33

management of posterior shoulder instability

Answer 33

traction-countertraction

Question 34

Types of AC injuries

Answer 34

-type 1: sprain -type 2: AC ligament is torn, but CC joint is intact -type 3: all ligaments are torn

Question 35

presentation of AC injury

Answer 35

-pain with abduction -tenderness over joint

Question 36

treatment of AC injuries

Answer 36

-grade 1-3: ice, rest, and NSAIDs + sling -grade 4: surgery

Question 37

s/s of gout

Answer 37

-swollen, red joint -mc at night

Question 38

diagnosis of gout

Answer 38

-joint fluid analysis -rat bite on xray

Question 39

treatment of gout

Answer 39

-low purine diet -NSAIDs -Colchicine -Allopurinol -corticosteroids for acute attack

Question 40

gout vs pseudogout

Answer 40

Gout - negatively birefringent; Crystals are NEEDLE shaped and yellow when parallel to the light Pseudogout - weakly positive birefringent; Crystals are RHOMBOID shaped and blue when parallel to the light

Question 41

treatment of pseudogout

Answer 41

NSAIDs

Question 42

s/s of herniated nucleus pulposus

Answer 42

-abrupt and severe -pain and numbness -shooting or stabbing pain into the buttock and down the leg -positive SLR

Question 43

indications for MRI for herniated NP

Answer 43

-symptoms for more than 4 weeks -significant neuro deficit -progressive neuro changes -intolerable pain

Question 44

management of herniated NP

Answer 44

-NSAIDs -steroids -rest

Question 45

mc location of osteomyelitis

Answer 45

metaphysis of long bones

Question 46

S/S of osteomyelitis

Answer 46

-gradual onset of dull pain -tender, warm, erythema, and swelling

Question 47

diagnosis of osteomyelitis

Answer 47

-blood cultures -CT

Question 48

management of osteomyelitis-

Answer 48

antibiotics -debridement

Question 49

mc location for compartment syndrome

Answer 49

lower leg

Question 50

s/s of compartment syndrome

Answer 50

-severe pain out of proportion to injury -6 Ps

Question 51

diagnosis of compartment syndrome

Answer 51

stryker kit

Question 52

treatment of compartment syndrome

Answer 52

-if over 45: fasciotomy -admit

Question 53

s/s of septic arthritis

Answer 53

-pain, swelling, heat over joint -fever and chills

Question 54

diagnosis of septic arthritis

Answer 54

joint fluid analysis

Question 55

treatment of septic arthritis

Answer 55

-rocephin + vanc -drainage of fluid