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Emergency Medicine EOR > EM - Endocrine > Flashcards

EM - Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

etiology of addisons disease

A

autoimmune

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2
Q

MC autoantigen in addisons disease

A

21-hydroxylase

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3
Q

result of different deficiencies in addison’s disease

A

-21 hydroxylase: decreased cortisol and aldosterone and increased androgen
-CYP11A1: decreased cortisol and testosterone and increased aldosterone
-12-alpha-hydroxylase: decreased aldosterone and testosterone and increased cortisol

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4
Q

s/s of addisons disease

A

-hyperpigmentation
-anorexia
-weight loss
-fatigue
-abdominal pain
-hypotension
-change in body hair

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5
Q

s/s of adrenal crisis

A

-severe fever
-abdominal pain with n/v
-hypotensive shock

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6
Q

diagnosis of addison’s disease

A

-ACTH stimulation test
-8am plasma cortisol <3

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7
Q

treatment of addison’s disease

A

hydrocortisone

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8
Q

etiology of cushing’s syndrome

A

-exogenous cortisol
-ectopic secretion of ACTH or CRH

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9
Q

s/s of cushing’s syndrome

A

-weight gain
-buffalo hump
-striae
-menstrual irregularities

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10
Q

Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome

A

-24 hour urine free cortisol
-dexamethasone suppression
-late night salivary cortisol

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11
Q

treatment of cushing’s syndrome

A

-titrate down dose
-surgical removal of tumor

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12
Q

etiology of diabetes insipidus

A

-primary: increased secretion of ADH (I thought it was Lack of ADH??)
-secondary: damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary stalk
-nephrogenic: defect in kidneys

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13
Q

s/s of diabetes insipidus

A

-thirst
-polyuria

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14
Q

diagnosis of diabetes insipidus

A

-24 hour urine collection
-water deprivation followed by vasopressin challenge test

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15
Q

interpretation of vasopressin challenge test

A

-central: decrease in thirst and polyuria
-psychogenic: improves after patient stops drinking water
-nephrogenic: thirst and polyuria doesn’t improve

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16
Q

treatment of diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin

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17
Q

Diagnosis of Diabetes

A

FPG >126
2h PPG >200
A1c >6.5% (7?)

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18
Q

etiology of diabetic ketoacidosis

A

-insulin deficiency
-triggered by illness, trauma, pregnancy etc.

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19
Q

s/s of diabetic ketoacidosis

A

-n/v
-abdominal pain
-fruity breath
-kussmaul respirations

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20
Q

diagnosis of DKA

A

-elevated glucose (>250?or is it 5 hundo)
-low bicarb (<7.3, <15bicarb?)
-B-hydroxybutyrate
(Anion Gap?)

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21
Q

management of DKA

A

-fluid repletion
-insulin
-potassium

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22
Q

etiology of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

-adenoma

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23
Q

s/s of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

-hypercalcemia
-often asymptomatic
-“getting old” sx

24
Q

diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

-elevation of PTH
-24 hour urine calcium
-low phosphate

25
Q

treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

-parathyroidectomy
-sensispar

26
Q

etiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

CKD

27
Q

s/s of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

-hypocalcemia
-elevated phosphorus

28
Q

treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Tx CKD

29
Q

etiology of hypothyroidism

A

-US: hoshimotos
-worldwide: iodine deficiency

30
Q

s/s of hypothyroidism

A

-dry skin
-weight gain
-cold intolerance
-constipation

31
Q

diagnosis of hypothyroidism

A

-low T4, high TSH
-anti-TPO

32
Q

s/s of myxedema crisis

A

-hypothermia
-hypoventilation
-hyponatremia
-hypoglycemia
-hypotension

From sever hypothyroidism :( </3

33
Q

treatment of hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

34
Q

etiology of hyperthyroidism

A

-graves disease
-excess iodine

35
Q

s/s of hyperthyroidism

A

-tachycardia
-weight loss
-heat intolerance
-bulging eyes

36
Q

diagnosis of hyperthyroidism

A

-Low TSH, high T3 and T4
-anti-TSI
-radioactive iodine uptake scan

37
Q

treatment of hyperthyroidism

A

-methimazole
-PTU
-radioactive iodine destruction
-surgery

38
Q

etiology of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)

A

-relative insulin deficiency

39
Q

s/s of HHS

A

-extreme dehydration
-thirst
-lethargy
-mental confusion
-hypotension

40
Q

diagnosis of HHS

A

-BS 600-1200
-pre-renal azotemia

41
Q

treatment of HHS

A

-fluid repletion
-insulin
-potassium

42
Q

etiology of subacute thyroiditis

A

-viral URI

43
Q

etiology of suppurative thyroiditis

A

nonviral thyroid gland infection

44
Q

etiology of riedel thyroiditis

A

-systemic fibrosis

45
Q

treatment of subacute thyroiditis

A

ASA or NSAIDs

46
Q

treatment of suppurative thyroiditis

A

ABX ( I think a PEN)

47
Q

treatment of riedel thyroiditis

A

tamoxifen

48
Q

Ah geez typo uhhhh sawy

A

occurs in an attempt to maintain a specific posture or position against the force of gravity

49
Q

simple kinetic tremor

A

during voluntary movements that are not target directed

50
Q

action postural tremor

A

occurs in an attempt to maintain a specific posture or position against the force of gravity

51
Q

intentional tremor

A

worsens as the body part approaches its target

52
Q

task specific tremor

A

-occurs during a specific task (derrr)

53
Q

action isometric tremor

A

-occurs during a muscle contraction against a rigid stationary object

54
Q

s/s of essential tremor

A

-bilateral
-hands and arms
-goal oriented movements
-resolves with rest
-exacerbated by emotion, hunger, fatigue
-improves with alcohol
-progressive overtime

55
Q

diagnostic criteria of essential tremor

A

-isolated tremor consisting of bilateral upper limb action
-at least 3 years in duration
-with or without tremor in other locations
-absence of other neurologic signs

56
Q

management of essential tremor

A

Propranolol and primidone

Emergency Medicine EOR (12 decks)

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