Elimination Flashcards
micturition
the action of urinating
polyuria
lots of urination
polydipsia
excessive thirst
anuria
absent urine
oliguria
only a little bit of urine
Nocturia
night urination
Dysuria
painful urination
Does urinary incontinence affect women or men more and why?
Women because of childbirth and pregnancy
Give examples of stress incontinence
women who are pregnant
coughing or sneezing
Give an example of functional incontinence
Wheelchair or bed bound patient
someone with mobility issues
What is mixed incontinence?
A combination of stress and urge incontinence
Give an example of transient incontinence
A child not using the restroom
someone afraid to get up
If someone had a procedure like a urinary catheter
What factors can affect urinary elimination
- meds
- fluid and food intake
- muscle tone
- psychosocial factors
- pathologic conditions
- Surgical and diagnostic procedures
How long should a nurse wait before getting a sample from a urinary catheter?
15-30 minutes after clamping the tubing
What lab value is important for the nurse to review before taking a patient to do a CT scan with iodine?
Check the creatinine levels for good kidney function because iodine can impair kidney function
Does a patient have to send their stool sample out over night?
Not necessarily. They can keep it in the refrigerator overnight
Should a patient eat before an x-ray, CT scan, or MRI?
no
Give an example of a bulk-form agent
Metamucil (make sure they are having a bowel movement before giving it)
Give an example of a bowel stimulant
Mira-lax
Give examples of lubricants to help with bowel elimination
Enemas
Mineral oils
Some suppositories
Give an example of a saline laxative
Milk of magnesia
What are some signs of a bowel obstruction
They are not passing gas
fluid and electrolytes go down
abdominal distention
Bowel sounds are silent (they could be high pitched at first and then go silent)
Vomiting (may turn malodorous with a fecal smell)
Why are children risk factors for elimination?
They get nervous
They ignore the need to go
Allergy medications can dry up the bladder
diet
deep sleeper
Don’t start to control their bowel until 18-24 months
Why are pregnant women risk factors for elimination?
- The fetus pushes on the intestine and the bladder causing urinary incontinence and constipation
- Pregnancy can cause hemorrhoids
- hormones can cause weakening of pelvic floor muscles
- swelling in the peri-area
Why are older adults risk factors for elimination?
- muscles are weakening especially around the sphincters
- hurts them to get up to go to the bathroom
- cognition declines
decreased mucus - often times they hold their urine for too long
What color are stools in an upper GI bleed and a lower GI bleed?
Upper= black tarry stools Lower= Red stools
What are some primary prevention techniques for elimination?
- hydration
- dietary fiber intake
- routine toileting practices
- regular exercise
- avoid environmental contamination
What are some secondary prevention procedures for elimination?
- colonoscopy
- occult blood screening
- prostate cancer screening
What are some surgical interventions for urinary elimination?
- Prostate surgery
- Bladder surgery
- Urinary diversion
- Surgery for renal calculi
- Stents for renal calculi
What are some surgical interventions for bowel elimination?
- Colectomy
- Colostomy or ileostomy
- Rectal prolapse repair
- Hemorrhoidectomy
What is a colectomy?
the suction of an area and reconnects to the colon
What color should a stoma be?
Beefy red
What is important to remember when a patient who has a colostomy or ileostomy is taking a shower?
take the bag off when showering
Elimination of BPH health history that contributes
Diet high in meats and fats, 70, and African American
Bowel movement different
Increase fiber and increase water consumption
What is BPH?
A nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland commonly seen in the aging man.
What is the best way to decrease the risk of BPH?
- maintain a healthy lifestyle
- control body weight
- exercise daily
- maintain blood glucose levels with proper management of diet in combination with necessary treatment for hyperglycemia
What are the s/s of BPH?
- weak urinary stream, increased time to void, hesitancy, incomplete bladder emptying, and postvoid dribbling
- frequency, urgency, incontinence, nocturia, dysuria, and bladder pain
What are some treatment options for BPH
Surgery (TUNA, TURP, open surgery, laser surgery)
What is a TURP
A resectoscope is inserted through the urethra, and the obstructing prostate tissue is excised with an electrocautery wire loop. Segments of the tissue are then flushed into the bladder with irrigation solution, where they are stored until the end of the surgery and then flushed out of the body.
What pharmacologic agents are used for BPH?
- Alpha-adrenergic blockers
2. 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors
What are some important lifestyle changes for a man with BPH?
- urinating at the first urge
- avoiding alcohol and caffeine
- drinking small amounts of fluids spread throughout the day
- avoid drinking fluids within 2 hours of bedtime
- Avoiding over-the-counter cold and sinus meds that contain decongestants or antihistamines
- Exercising regularly, including pelvic floor exercises
- Reducing stress
What is CBI and how should a nurse use it?
Irrigation prevents the formation of blood clots, which can obstruct urinary output.
Maintain the rate of flow of irrigating fluid to keep the output light pink or colorless. Assess the urinary output every 1-2 hours for color, consistency of amount, and presence of blood clots.
What are the s/s of TURP syndrome?
- hyponatremia
- decreased hematocrit
- hypertension
- bradycardia
- nausea
- confusion
How long does someone have to wait to have sex after having surgery for BPH?
after 6 weeks
How long should someone wait before going back to work after having surgery for BPH?
4 weeks if it is not strenuous, but 6-8 weeks if otherwise
