Electrolytes Flashcards
The specific protein for the transport of copper present in plasma is:
Ceruplasmin
The bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio is calculated from an equation by:
Henderson-Hasselbalch
Zinc protoporphyrin or free erythrocyte protoporphyrin measurement are useful to assess blood concentrations of:
Lead
Specimens for blood gas determination should be drawn into a syringe containing:
Heparin
Valinomycin enhances the selectivity of the electrode used to quantitate:
Potassium
Which of the following parameters using ISE does not require a glass membrane (oxides of Si, Al and Na)
Chloride
Which vitamin is required for the normal absorption of dietary calcium:
Vitamin D
When determining blood pH, CO2 and O2 concentrations, the best sample is:
Arterial blood
The normal serum osmolality is approximately within:
280 – 300 mOsm/kg
The metal deficient in hypochromic microcytic anemia that forms a complex with TPTZ (sulfonated bathophenanthroline 2,4,6- tripyridyl-S-triazine) is
Iron
Which analyte cannot be measured using AAS?
Iodide
The cofactor needed in the catalyzed reaction by hexokinase is
Magnesium
Reactions in renal tubular cells which contribute to acid-base balance include all, except
a. Ammonia production from glutamine
b. Bicarbonate production form the carbonic anhydrase reaction
c. Exchange for Na+ in tubular filtrate for H+ in extracellular fluid
d. Reabsorption of H2O due to stimulation by antidiuretic hormone
D
.In ketoacidosis, the blood pH would most likely be affected in what way?
Decreased
The sum of carbonic acid and bicarbonate in plasma is referred to as
Total carbon dioxide
If a blood gas specimen is left exposed to air, which of the following changes occur?
PO2 and pH increase; PCO2 decreases
How would blood gas parameters change if a sealed specimen is left at room temperature for 2 or more hours?
PO2 decreases, pH decreases, PCO2 increases
The bicarbonate ion concentration may be calculated from the total CO2 and PCO2 blood levels by using which of the following formulas?
total CO2 – (0.03 x PCO2)
Blood gases are drawn with the following results:
pH=7.49
PCO2 =59mmHg
HCO3- =38mM
What do these data indicate?
metabolicalkalosis,partiallycompensated
Blood gases are drawn with the following results:
pH=7.29 PCO2 =50mmHg HCO3- =25mM
What do these data indicate?
respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
Blood gases are drawn with the following results:
pH=7.25 PCO2 =56mmHg HCO3- =16mM
What do these data indicate?
Dual problem of acidosis
Blood gases are drawn with the following results:
pH=7.58 PCO2 =55mmHg HCO3- =18mM
What do these data indicate?
error in one of the blood gas measurements
The buffering capacity of blood is maintained by a reversible exchange process between bicarbonate and:
Chloride
At blood pH 7.40 what is the ratio between bicarbonate and carbonic acid?
20:1
The bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio is calculated from an equation by:
Henderson – Hasselbalch
Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and CO2 content due to changes in:
Bicarbonate buffer
A common cause of respiratory alkalosis is:
Hyperventilation
Metabolic acidosis is describe as a (n):
A. Increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH B. DecreaseinCO2contentwithanincreasedpH
C. Increase in CO2 with an increased pH
D. Decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH
D
Respiratory acidosis is described as an a (n):
A. Increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH
B. Decrease in CO2 content with an increased pH
C. Increase in CO2 content with an increased pH
D. Decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with decreased pH
A
Normally the bicarbonate concentration is about 24 mEq/L and the carbonic acid concentration is about 1.2:pK = 6.1. Using the equation pH = pK + log [salt]/[acid], calculate the pH.
7.40
The normal range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37oC is:
7.35-7.45
Unless blood gas measurement are made immediately after sampling, in vitro glycolysis of the blood causes a:
Fall in pH and a rise in PCO2
A person suspected of having metabolic alkalosis would have which of the following laboratory findings?
CO2 cotent and pH elevated
If the pKa is 6.1, the CO2 content is 25 mmol/L, the salt equals the total CO2 content minus the carbonic acid, the carbonic acid equals 0.03 x PCO2 and PCO2 is 40mm Hg, it may be concluded that:
pH=6.1 + log[)25-1.2)/(1.2)]
A patient is admitted to the emergency room in a state of metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following would be consistent with this diagnosis?
high PCO2, increased HCO3
In respiratory acidosis, a compensatory mechanism is the increased in
plasma bicarbonate concentration
A blood gas sample was sent to the lab on ice, and a bubble was present in the syringe. The blood had been exposed to room air for at least 30 minutes. The following change in blood gases occurred:
PO2 increased/HCO3 – decreased
An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is likely to be in what state?
Respiratory acidosis
The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match:
Metabolic acidosis
Severe diarrhea causes
Metabolic acidosis
Absorption of vitamin B12 requires the presence of
Intrinsic factor
Most automated blood gas analyzers directly measure:
pH, PCO2, and PO2
pH, pCO2, HCO3- Levels
decreased, decreased, decreased
metabolic acidosis, compensated
pH, pCO2, HCO3- Levels
decreased, increased, decreased
respiratory and metabolic acidosis
pH, pCO2, HCO3- Levels
Increased, decreased, decreased
respiratory alkalosis, compensated
pH, pCO2, HCO3- Levels
increased, increased, decrease
instrumental error
pH, pCO2, HCO3- Levels
decreased, increased, increased
None of the above
AAS
Copper
Manganese
Magnesium
Iron
Molybdenum
Selenium
Cobalt
Zinc
Amperometric
Chloride
Po2
ISE
Chloride
Iodide
Sodium
Ammonium
pH
Bicarbonate
Potassium
Flouride
