Electricity Chapter 10 Flashcards
Electricity
A form of energy that results from the interaction of charged particles, such as electrons or protons.
Static charge/ electricity
An electric charge that tends to stay on the surface of an object, rather than flowing away quickly.
Charging by friction
A process in which objects made form different materials rubbing against each other m, producing a net static charge.
Electrostatic series
A list of materials that have been arranged according to their ability to hold onto electrons.
Insulator
A material in which electrons cannot move easily from one atom to another.
Conductor
A materials in which electrons can move easily between electrons.
Semiconductor
A material in which electrons can move fairly well better atoms , or can sometimes be an insulator or a conductor.
Grounding
An object that can supply a very large number of electrons or take them away form a charged object, thus neutralizing the object.
Electroscope
A device for detecting the presence of an electric charge.
Charging by contact
Generating a charge on a neutral object by touching it with a charged object.
Laws of electric charges
Laws that describe how the objects interact electrically when one or more are charged.
Electric fields
A property of the space around a charged object, where the effect of its charge can be felt by other objects.
Induced charge separation
The movement of electrons in a substance, fuses by the electric field of a nearby charged object, without direct contact between the substance and the object.
Net charge
The total after taking account both positive and negative charges
Ion
And ion is a charged atom or group of atoms
Lighting rod
A metal sphere or point attached to the highest point of a building and connected to the ground.
Electrostatic precipitator
A type of cleaner that removes unwanted particles and liquid droplets from a flow of gas.
Van de Graaff generator
Is a device that accumulates very large charges
Radiation dosimeter
Is a small device that detects and measures exposure and radiation.
Chairing by induction
Is when a charged object is brought near a neutral object and the electric force creates a force on the neutral object since only electrons can move the charged object causes induced charge separation.
Charging by induction - temporary
Is when a charged object is brought near a Wirral object then taken away, only temporarily charging the e neutral object.
Charging by induction - permanent
Is when a charged object is brought close and then the neutral object is grounded.
Charging by contact
Is when contact is made between a charged object and a neutral object, transferring electrons, changing the charge of the neutral object.
Charging by friction
Is when you run to materials together and the electrons are transferred to where they are most needed, so one object is positive and one is negative.
Laws of electric charges
- opposite charges attract
- similar charges repel
- charged and neutral object attracts
Electric fields
Electric forces exist between two objects, these are transmitted through electric fields. Object with greater net charges have greater electric fields
Electric circuit
Is a closed path along which electrons powered by an energy circuit can flow.
Voltaic cell
A source of energy that generates an electric current by chemical reactions involving two different metals or metal compounds separated by a conducting solution.
Battery
Is a connection of two or more cells.
Electrode
One of two metal terminals in a cell or battery.
Electrolyte
A solution or paste that conducts charge.
Dry cells
A cell that contains an electrolyte that is a paste.
Wet cells
A cell that contains a liquid electrolyte.
Primary cell
A cell that can be used only once.
Secondary
A cel that can be recharged and used multiple times.
Fuel cell
A cell that generates electricity from the chemical reactions of fuel that happens outside the cell.
Solar cell
A cell that converts sunlight into electrical energy.
Terminal
Location on a cell that must be connected to other components to form a circuit.
Switch
A control device that can complete or break the circuit to which it is connected.
Open circuit
A circuit that contains a gap or break.
Electric current
The rate of movement of electric charge.
Coulomb (C)
The quantity of charge that is equal to the charge of 6.25 x 10(18) electrons.
Ampere ( A )
The unit of electric current, equivalent to one coulomb per second.
Electrical resistance
The property of a substance that hinders electrical current and converts electrical energy into other forms of energy.
Resistor
A device used in an electric circuit to decrease the current through a component by a specific amount.
Load
A resistor of any other device that transforms electrical energy into heat, motion, sound or light.
Potential difference (voltage)
The difference between the electrical potential energy per unit of charge a two points in a circuit.
Volt
The unit of potential difference, equivalent to one joule (J) per coulomb (C).
Circuit diagram
A diagram that uses standard symbols to represent the components in an electrical circuit and their connections.
Series circuit
A circuit in which there is only one path for electrons to flow.
Parallel circuit
A circuit in which there is more than one path along which electrons can flow.
Ohm’s law
The ratio of potential difference to current is a constant called current.
Ohm Ω
The unit for resistance, equivalent to one volt per ampere.
Superconductor
A material through which electric charge can flow with no resistance.
Non-ohm
Not following ohm’s law
