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Science > Electricity Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Electricity Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Electricity

A

A form of energy that results from the interaction of charged particles, such as electrons or protons.

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2
Q

Static charge/ electricity

A

An electric charge that tends to stay on the surface of an object, rather than flowing away quickly.

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3
Q

Charging by friction

A

A process in which objects made form different materials rubbing against each other m, producing a net static charge.

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4
Q

Electrostatic series

A

A list of materials that have been arranged according to their ability to hold onto electrons.

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5
Q

Insulator

A

A material in which electrons cannot move easily from one atom to another.

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6
Q

Conductor

A

A materials in which electrons can move easily between electrons.

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7
Q

Semiconductor

A

A material in which electrons can move fairly well better atoms , or can sometimes be an insulator or a conductor.

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8
Q

Grounding

A

An object that can supply a very large number of electrons or take them away form a charged object, thus neutralizing the object.

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9
Q

Electroscope

A

A device for detecting the presence of an electric charge.

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10
Q

Charging by contact

A

Generating a charge on a neutral object by touching it with a charged object.

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11
Q

Laws of electric charges

A

Laws that describe how the objects interact electrically when one or more are charged.

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12
Q

Electric fields

A

A property of the space around a charged object, where the effect of its charge can be felt by other objects.

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13
Q

Induced charge separation

A

The movement of electrons in a substance, fuses by the electric field of a nearby charged object, without direct contact between the substance and the object.

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14
Q

Net charge

A

The total after taking account both positive and negative charges

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15
Q

Ion

A

And ion is a charged atom or group of atoms

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16
Q

Lighting rod

A

A metal sphere or point attached to the highest point of a building and connected to the ground.

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17
Q

Electrostatic precipitator

A

A type of cleaner that removes unwanted particles and liquid droplets from a flow of gas.

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18
Q

Van de Graaff generator

A

Is a device that accumulates very large charges

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19
Q

Radiation dosimeter

A

Is a small device that detects and measures exposure and radiation.

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20
Q

Chairing by induction

A

Is when a charged object is brought near a neutral object and the electric force creates a force on the neutral object since only electrons can move the charged object causes induced charge separation.

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21
Q

Charging by induction - temporary

A

Is when a charged object is brought near a Wirral object then taken away, only temporarily charging the e neutral object.

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22
Q

Charging by induction - permanent

A

Is when a charged object is brought close and then the neutral object is grounded.

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23
Q

Charging by contact

A

Is when contact is made between a charged object and a neutral object, transferring electrons, changing the charge of the neutral object.

24
Q

Charging by friction

A

Is when you run to materials together and the electrons are transferred to where they are most needed, so one object is positive and one is negative.

25
Q

Laws of electric charges

A
  • opposite charges attract
  • similar charges repel
  • charged and neutral object attracts
26
Q

Electric fields

A

Electric forces exist between two objects, these are transmitted through electric fields. Object with greater net charges have greater electric fields

27
Q

Electric circuit

A

Is a closed path along which electrons powered by an energy circuit can flow.

28
Q

Voltaic cell

A

A source of energy that generates an electric current by chemical reactions involving two different metals or metal compounds separated by a conducting solution.

29
Q

Battery

A

Is a connection of two or more cells.

30
Q

Electrode

A

One of two metal terminals in a cell or battery.

31
Q

Electrolyte

A

A solution or paste that conducts charge.

32
Q

Dry cells

A

A cell that contains an electrolyte that is a paste.

33
Q

Wet cells

A

A cell that contains a liquid electrolyte.

34
Q

Primary cell

A

A cell that can be used only once.

35
Q

Secondary

A

A cel that can be recharged and used multiple times.

36
Q

Fuel cell

A

A cell that generates electricity from the chemical reactions of fuel that happens outside the cell.

37
Q

Solar cell

A

A cell that converts sunlight into electrical energy.

38
Q

Terminal

A

Location on a cell that must be connected to other components to form a circuit.

39
Q

Switch

A

A control device that can complete or break the circuit to which it is connected.

40
Q

Open circuit

A

A circuit that contains a gap or break.

41
Q

Electric current

A

The rate of movement of electric charge.

42
Q

Coulomb (C)

A

The quantity of charge that is equal to the charge of 6.25 x 10(18) electrons.

43
Q

Ampere ( A )

A

The unit of electric current, equivalent to one coulomb per second.

44
Q

Electrical resistance

A

The property of a substance that hinders electrical current and converts electrical energy into other forms of energy.

45
Q

Resistor

A

A device used in an electric circuit to decrease the current through a component by a specific amount.

46
Q

Load

A

A resistor of any other device that transforms electrical energy into heat, motion, sound or light.

47
Q

Potential difference (voltage)

A

The difference between the electrical potential energy per unit of charge a two points in a circuit.

48
Q

Volt

A

The unit of potential difference, equivalent to one joule (J) per coulomb (C).

49
Q

Circuit diagram

A

A diagram that uses standard symbols to represent the components in an electrical circuit and their connections.

50
Q

Series circuit

A

A circuit in which there is only one path for electrons to flow.

51
Q

Parallel circuit

A

A circuit in which there is more than one path along which electrons can flow.

52
Q

Ohm’s law

A

The ratio of potential difference to current is a constant called current.

53
Q

Ohm Ω

A

The unit for resistance, equivalent to one volt per ampere.

54
Q

Superconductor

A

A material through which electric charge can flow with no resistance.

55
Q

Non-ohm

A

Not following ohm’s law

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