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Science > Chapter 7 - Astronomy > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Astronomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the first to create a calendar

A

The Mesopotamian civilization, that had evidence of astronomical observations. They had a very detailed somewhat accurate calendar.

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2
Q

Why are calendars useful ?

A

They allowed early civilizations to predict yearly occurring event, such ad flood or avalanches. And they allowed people predict when were the best times to hunt or harvest.

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3
Q

How long is 1 earth year ?

A

365.24 days

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4
Q

Rotation - earth

A

The earth rotates on an axis of 23.5 degrees, it takes 1 days for the earth to rotate fully on its axis

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5
Q

Revolution - earth

A

The earth revolves around the sun.

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6
Q

Why do we have seasons ?

A

We have seasons b/c of the earths tilt, in the winter the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and in the summer tilted towards the sun.

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7
Q

What is the name of our galaxy ?

A

The Milky Way

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8
Q

What are the names of our planets

A
  • Mercury
  • Venus
  • Earth
  • Mars
  • Jupiter
  • Saturn
    -Uranus
  • Neptune
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9
Q

Mercury - atmosphere

A

No atmosphere to close to the sun

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10
Q

Venus - atmosphere

A

Sulfur and CO2 and N2

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11
Q

Earth - atmosphere

A

O2 N2 CO2 H2O

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12
Q

Jupiter - atmosphere

A

H+ + He+ - fusing hydrogen and helium

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13
Q

Saturn - atmosphere

A

H+ + He+

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14
Q

Uranus - atmosphere

A

Methane

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15
Q

Neptune - atmosphere

A

Methane

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16
Q

Celestial object

A

Any object that exist in space.

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17
Q

Astronomer

A

A scientist who studies astronomy.

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18
Q

Astronomy

A

The study of the night sky.

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19
Q

Revolution

A

The time it take for an object to go orbit another object.

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20
Q

Rotation

A

The turning of an object around an imaginary axis running through it.

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21
Q

Constellation

A

A group of stars that seem to from a distinctive pattern in the sky.

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22
Q

Asterism

A

A prominent group of stars that have a name but smaller than a constellation

23
Q

Apparent magnitude

A

A star brightness as seen from earth.

24
Q

Comet

A

An object composed of rocky material, ice and gas, normally come from the Kuiper Belt or Oort Cloud. The tails are never facing the sun.

25
Q

Comet tails

A

Comets have 2 tails, the blue tail is made of gas and is also called the ion tail because the gases have been ionized by the sun radiation and the white tail is the sunlight reflecting of the particles that have been released.

26
Q

Asteroid

A

An object that ranges in size and generally originates from the asteroid belt.

27
Q

Meteoroid

A

A piece of rock moving through space.

28
Q

Meteorite

A

A meteoroid that was large enough to pass through earths atmosphere with ought being burned up.

29
Q

Meteor

A

A meteoroid that hits earth atmosphere and is burns up.

30
Q

Planet

A

Is an object that orbits 1 or more stars, is spherical and does not share its orbit with another object.

31
Q

Solar system

A

A groups of planets that circle 1 or more stars.

32
Q

Retrograde motion

A

The movement of an object in the sky moving from east to west and making a look to catch up with the other planets.

33
Q

Orbital radius

A

The average distance between the sun and the object orbiting it.

34
Q

Lunar eclipse

A

The phenomenon in which the full moon passes into the earths shadow. ( the earth is between the sun and the moon.
A lunar eclipse generally happens 2 weeks before of after a solar eclipse.

35
Q

Solar eclipse

A

The phenomenon which is when the new moon passes in front of the sun, the moon and cast its shadow on the earth.

36
Q

Gravitational force

A

The force between all masses in the universe.

37
Q

Light year

A

The distance that light travels in a year, (9.46 x 10[12]).
The velocity of light is 300 000 km/s, ( kilometres per second)

38
Q

Astronomical unit

A

1 astronomical unit is the distance between the earth and the sun,(149, 600 000)

39
Q

Latitude

A

The location below or above the equator.

40
Q

Tides

A

The rising and falling of the oceans water, this golems become of the Moon orbits around the earth.

41
Q

Solstice

A

A solstice is the shortest (winter) or longest day of the year.

42
Q

Equinox

A

An equinox is when the southern and northern hemisphere both of the same amount of daylight and night time.

43
Q

The closest star to our earth

A

Alpha Centauri

44
Q

What is the northernmost star

A

Polaris

45
Q

Ancient Chinese

A

Saw the Big Dipper as a chariot for the emperor of heavens.

46
Q

The Early Egyptians

A

Saw the leg and thing of a bull.

47
Q

The Early oboriginal cultures

A

Saw a bear and some hunter and in early autumn thy believed that the bears wounds would bleed o. The trees changing the colours of the leaves.

48
Q

Ptolemy

A

He proposed the geocentric model that last for 1400 years.

49
Q

Galileo

A

Discovered that we orbited the sun.

50
Q

Copernicus

A

Proposed the heliocentric model.

51
Q

Satellites

A

Is an object that moves around another bigger object. Most satellites at man made but moons can be a natural satellite too.

52
Q

Satellites orbit

A

Low earth orbit
Medium earth orbit
High earth obit

53
Q

Satellite used

A

Satellite can be used to monitor weather. Navigation and communications, agriculture and the minister different airspace’s.

Science (11 decks)

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