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Science > Chapter 8 Astonomy > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Astonomy Flashcards

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1
Q

A nebula

A

Is a vast cloud of gas and dust that may be the bit to place of stars and planets.

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2
Q

Neutron star

A

Is a star so dense that only neutrons exist can at its core

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3
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

Is the processor of energy production in which hydrogen nuclei combine to from helium nuclei. This is a nuclear reaction.

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4
Q

Protostar

A

Is a dense, hot, condensed object at the center of a nebula.

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5
Q

Luminosity

A

Is a start total energy output per second; its power in joules per second, (J/s).

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6
Q

The solar nebula theory (1)

A

The theory describes how stars and planets form by contractions of spinning disks of gas and dust. Planet and stars form together.

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7
Q

Solar wind

A

Is a stream of fast-moving charged particles ejected by the sun into the solar system.

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8
Q

Star

A

A star is a celestial body made of hot gases, mainly hydrogen and helium.

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9
Q

White dwarf

A

Is a small, dim, hot star.

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10
Q

Supernova

A

Is a massive explosion in which the entire outer portion of a star is blown off.

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11
Q

Black hole formation

A

Black holes are formed if the helium core of a star survives its death.

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12
Q

Necessary components for nuclear fusion to begin

A
  • really hot
  • core gets denser
  • lots of pressure
  • compression
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13
Q

Who was one of the first to turn the telescope to the sky.

A

Galileo

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14
Q

What are optical telescopes?

A

And optical telescope detects visible light

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15
Q

Refracting telescope

A

A telescope that uses a lens to collect the light form an object.

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16
Q

Reflecting telescope

A

A telescope that uses mirrors to collect the light form an object.

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17
Q

Satellites uses

A
  • weather
  • internet
  • radio
  • GPS
  • land surfaces
  • oceans and rivers
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18
Q

Geosynchronous satellites

A

Are satellites that take 24 hours to orbit the earth and since the earth is turning in the same direction the satellite is turning it appears to always be on the same spot.

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19
Q

Beginning of protostar

A

Gravity can set the gas and dust particles into a spinning mottling around the core

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20
Q

Solar nebula theory (2)

A

The nebula (protostar) begins to contract and little lumps start forming bigger lumps called planetesimals.

21
Q

Our sun: the structure

A
  • The core
  • The photosphere
  • The Corona
22
Q

Our sun: features

A
  • Sunspots
  • Solar flares
  • Solar prominence
23
Q

Chromosphere

A

The inner atmosphere of the sun

24
Q

The core

A
  • where nuclear fusion happens
  • temperatures from 15 million degrees (C)
  • a lot of pressure
25
Q

Corona

A
  • the hot outer part of the sun
  • temperature: 1 million degrees
26
Q

Moving gases

A

Where temperature and pressure increase

27
Q

The photosphere

A
  • called the surface of the sun (not solid)
  • churning gases
  • temperature: 5500 degrees
  • where cooler sunspots occur
28
Q

Solar flares

A
  • they travel extremely fast & last only a few minutes
  • travel from the chromosphere & through the corona
29
Q

Solar prominence

A
  • can last for days or weeks & go up to 400 000 km high
  • large sheets of glowing gases going outward form the chromosphere
30
Q

Sun spots

A

Huge darker & cooler areas in the suns photosphere

31
Q

Evidence of rotating sun

A
  • it take 27 days for 1 rotation
  • 35 days for the sun spots to do 1 full rotation
  • it does not rotate as a solid body
32
Q

The importance of the sun

A
  • heat / warmth
  • basis of photosynthesis
  • light
  • needed for all life on earth
33
Q

What radiation does the sun emit

A
  • Microwaves
  • Gamma rays
  • X rays
  • Radio waves
  • Light waves
34
Q

20%

A

Of solar radiation is absorbed by earths atmosphere

35
Q

30%

A

Of solar radiation is reflected by earths atmosphere ( clouds, surface and oceans )

36
Q

50%

A

Of solar radiation is absorbed but the earths surface and oceans

37
Q

Hertzsprung-Russel diagram

A

Shows the properties of stars, star color, temperatures and luminosity.

38
Q

90%

A

Of stars are in the main sequence

39
Q

10%

A

Of know stars are not in the main sequence

40
Q

Low mass stars

A
  • generally red dwarfs
  • have less mass then our sun
  • consumes its helium very slowly
  • life span is 100 billion years
  • will turn into faint white dwarf
  • maybe come black dwarf
41
Q

Intermediate mass stars

A
  • our sun!
  • life span is 10 billion years
  • when all the hydrogen is used up core will collapse
  • temp will rise and the sun will expand, fitting to mars ring orbit
  • eventually will become a small hot dim white dwarf
42
Q

High mass stars

A
  • 12 or more solar masses than our sun
  • die faster and more violently
  • a supernova will occur
  • will become red giant, then cool
  • helium core maybe become black hole or neutron star
43
Q

Neutron stars

A
  • so much pressure only neutrons can exist
  • strong magnetic field
  • rotate very fast
  • incredible hot
44
Q

Black holes

A
  • tiny patch of space
  • massive amount of mass and gravity
  • nothing can escape it
45
Q

Electromagnetic radiation

A

Radiation consisting of electromagnetic waves that travel at the speed of light

46
Q

Absolute magnitude

A

The magnitude of a star they would observe if placed 32.6 lift years from earth

47
Q

Spectroscope

A

An optical instrument they produced a spectrum form a narrow beam of light and projects it onto a photographic plate or digital detector

48
Q

Spectral lines

A

Specific wave lengths within a spectrum if characterized lines

49
Q

The main sequence

A

A narrow band of star in the H-R diagram

Science (11 decks)

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