Eisenhower and The Middle East Flashcards
How did Eisenhower and the US support of Israel cause many problems for the US?
- Arab nations, which controlled the US oil supply, opposed Israel
- The US wanted to maintain good relations with both Israel and oil-rich Arab states
- The Soviet Union gained support of Arab countries by opposing Israel
What was a historical example where the US opposed its allies to keep good relations with oil-rich countries?
The Suez Canal Crisis
How did Eisenhower get the US allies to withdraw from Egypt?
- Threatening economic sanctions against Israel
What did the Eisenhower Doctrine state?
The US would provide economic and military aid to any Middle-Eastern country threatened by communism
What US foreign policy did the Eisenhower Doctrine continue?
Containment such as the Truman Doctrine
When did Eisenhower use the Eisenhower Doctrine?
He sent 14,000 troops to Lebanon in 1958 to prevent a civil war between Christians and Muslims, which he feared could lead to communist movements
Who were some of the founding nations of OPEC?
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, and Venezuela
What was the goal of OPEC?
To coordinate oil prices and ensure stable prices that would benefit oil consumers
What did the formation of OPEC signal?
It gave OPEC nations more power in diplomacy with the US as the US had to consider how its actions in the Middle East might affect oil supplies and prices
What was the Camp David’s Accords? (Context)
Jimmy Carter met with Egyptian and Israeli leaders to sort out tensions in the 1970s
What
What did the Camp David Accords say?
- Created a framework for peace between Israel and Egypt
- Called for peace with Israel and all Arab neighbors
- Led to a 1979 Peace treaty where Egypt recognized Israel
How did the Camp David Accords fail to prevent further conflict in Gaza?
They didn’t deal with Palestinian rights leading to many battles with the Hamas later
What was an occurrence that severely hurt US influence in the Middle East?
The Iranian Revolution where the unpopular pro-US shah was overthrown
What was the Iranian Hostage Crisis?
Iran captured hostages at a US embassy because the US exiled the Shah. Carter was unable to get the hostages back
What did the Iranian Hostage Crisis show?
- Limits of American power in the Middle-East
- Damaged Carter’s popularity
- Created decades of hostility between US and Iran
- Growing power of Anti-American religious movements in Middle-East
What were the Algiers Accords?
Agreements signed in 1981 between US and Iran showing US and Iran creating the framework of resolving their issues
What was an example of a way Carter failed to save the Iranian hostages?
Operation Eagle Claw in 1980, a failed military operation
What caused the Oil Crisis in the US?
Saudi Arabia’s Embargo on Oil Exports in 1973
What was the root cause of the Oil Embargo by Saudi Arabia?
The US support of Israel in Yom Kippur Wars
What was Nixon’s response to the Oil Crisis?
A gas price ceiling
What was Operation Desert Storm?
US liberated Kuwait against Iraq
