ALL PERIOD 1 KEY CONCEPTS OUTLINED

Question 1

1.1 What are 2 historical examples of how Native populations developed distinct and increasingly complex societies by adapting to and transforming their environment?

Answer 1

1. The spread of maize cultivation into the America Southwest supported economic development, advanced irrigation, and social diversification across colonies
2. Great Plains settlers adjusted to nomadic societies to combat the arid grasslands

Question 2

1.1 How did Native Americans in the Northeast adapt to their environment?

Answer 2

The societies developed mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economies that favored the development of permanent villages

Question 3

1.1 How did Natives in the Northwest and present-day California adjust to their diverse environment?

Answer 3

• Hunting and gathering
• Settled communities supported by the fishing of the ocean

Question 4

1.2 (I) B How did European expansion into the Western Hemisphere generate intense changes with European society?

Answer 4

1. The Columbian Exchange brought new crops and new sources mineral wealth to Europe from the Americans

Question 5

1.2 (I) B What are examples of new crops brought to Europe from the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 5

Maize, potatoes, and sweet potatoes

Question 6

1.2 (I) B How did the introduction of New World crops and new sources of mineral wealth impact European society?

Answer 6

Increased European population sizes which helped shift Europe from feudalism to capitalism

Question 7

1.2 (I) What were the motives of European exploration and conquering of the New World?

Answer 7

1. A search for new sources of wealth
2. Economic and military competition
3. A desire to spread Christianity

Question 8

What are some examples of technology that helped facilitate European colonization of the Americas?

Answer 8

The compass, the lantern sail, and the stern rudder

Question 9

What was an example of a more organized method for conducting international trade in the period of European colonization?

Answer 9

Joint-Stock companies such as the Virginia Company

Question 10

What is an example of a way that the Columbian Exchange and the development of the Spanish Empire resulted in demographic changes in the Americas?

Answer 10

1. The spread of diseases such as the influenza which decimated Native populations
2. Encomienda System
3. Importation of African Slaves to the Americas
4. The Caste System

Question 11

What was the Spanish Encomienda System?

Answer 11

Spanish forcibly used Native labor to work plantations and extract previous metals

Question 12

What was an example of an aspect of Native culture that the Europeans accepted in the early years of their interactions?

Answer 12

Shared knowledge about farming such as Three-Sisters Farming

Question 13

What is Three-Sisters Farming?

Answer 13

The practice of planting corn, beans, and squash together

Question 14

What was an aspect of European culture that the Natives adopted?

Answer 14

Religious conversion as Natives such as the Cherokee converted to Christianity from the British

Question 15

What were ways Native Americans attempted to defend themselves against European diplomatically?

Answer 15

By negotiating treaties and forming alliances with rival European nations

Question 16

What was an example of a Native tribe that formed an alliance with a European power to try and protect themselves through a diplomatic approach?

Answer 16

Ottawa and the French

Question 17

What was an example of a way Natives resisted Europeans militaristically?

Answer 17

• Pueblo Revolt
• Powhatan Wars

Question 18

What debate formed out of extended contact between Europeans and Natives?

Answer 18

The Valladolid Debate on how Natives should be treated