Effects of Exercise Flashcards
What are the short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?
- Muscle fatigue
- Lactate accumulation
When does lactate accumulation occur in sport?
During anaerobic exercise e.g. repeated sprints in a football match
What are the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?
- Increase in heart rate
- Increase in cardiac output
- Increase in stroke volume
Why does heart rate increase?
More blood is being pumped out of the heart to supply the working muscles with sufficient oxygen.
What are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?
- Breathing rate increases
- Depth of breathing increases
Why does breathing rate increase?
More breaths per minute to be able to supply the working muscles with sufficient oxygen.
Name 3 long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system.
- Decreased resting HR
- Faster recovery
- Increased resting and maximum stroke volume
- Increased maximum cardiac output
- Increased size and strength of your heart (cardiac hypertrophy)
Why does resting heart rate decrease?
The heart becomes bigger and stronger (cardiac hypertrophy). It can therefore supply the same amount of blood with fewer beats so it beats less often.
What does faster recovery mean?
The rate at which your heart returns to resting decreases. The faster your recovery rate, the fitter you are.
What is the benefit of faster recovery on sporting performance?
The body is ready to exercise again quicker. This means a performer is ready to sprint and perform at a high intensity quicker e.g. a netball player can sprint to receive the ball.
What are the long term effects of exercise on the skeletal system?
- Increased bone density
- Increased strength of ligaments
- increased strength of tendons (muscular system)
Why does bone density increase?
Weight bearing exercises put your bones under stress. In response your body produces more cells to build new bone. The new cells make the bones denser and stronger.
What is the importance of increased strength of ligaments to a football player?
Stronger ligaments mean that the bones are more stable which means the chance of injury is reduced. This is important for a football player because it reduces the risk of injury so they can carry on playing.
What is muscle hypertrophy?
When you exercise your muscles will become bigger and stronger. This is because small tears in the muscle fibres repair bigger and stronger.
What is the importance of rest and recovery time?
If you don’t leave time for adaptations then they will not happen fully. This means there will be less of a positive impact on performance.
