Education - External Factors (Class Differences) Flashcards
What is cultural deprivation?
Being deprived of middle class values, norms, skills and knowledge
What are the two types of speech codes?
(Bernstein)
Restricted code
Elabroated code
Features of the Restricted Code?
(Bernstein)
Used by the working-class
Context-bound
Limited vocabulary
Predictable speech
Gramtically simple
Features of the Elaborated Code?
(Bernstein)
Used by the middle class
Complex sentences
Abstract ideas
Context-free
Varied speech
Wider vocabulary
What code is used in schools and in textbooks?
Elaborated code
What 3 factors do the education level of parents effect?
1) Parenting Style
2) Parent’s educational behaviours
3) Use of income
Whats an example of different uses of income of the classes?
Educational Toys - More expensive then regular toys, the m/c prioritise education more, these toys encourage the development of skills for educational success
Who came up with the theory of a working class subculture?
Barry Sugarman
What are the 4 factors of the w/c subculture?
(Sugarman)
Fatalism
Collectivism
Immediate Gratification
Present-time Orientation
What is Fatalism
(Sugarman)
W/C people believing their destined to fail and can’t change their situation
‘What will be, will be’
What is Collectivism?
(Sugarman)
W/C people not leaving their friends and family behind for a successful career
What is Immediate Gratification?
(Sugarman)
W/C people preparing to get financial rewards now rather than studying for the future
What is Present-time Orientation?
(Sugarman)
Just going with the flow, not having a plan for the future
What is compensatory education?
Education intended to offset the effects of socio-economic disadvantage which may restrict the educational opportunities of children from w/c backgrounds
What are some examples of compensatory education?
Sesame Street and Sure Start
What was Sure Start?
It was introduced in 1998/9 by the Labour government to tackle poverty and social exclusion by working with parents to promote childrens’ developement.
In total, there were 3,500 children’s centres built.
What is the myth of cultural deprivation?
(Nell Keddie)
Argues that it is impossible for a child to be deprived of their own culture, therefore w/c children are not culturally deprived, they are just culturally different.
The issue is that the education system is failing w/c children by enforcing m/c values on them.
What influences can wealth have on educational oppurtunites + experiences?
M/C have more access to private schools
W/C is put off by university fees
M/C have the money to buy textbooks
M/C have more access to trips
What housing factors affect educational performance?
Overcrowded household
Damp living conditions
Insecure housing
What diet and health factors affect educational performance?
Poor nutrition
Energy drinks
How do W/C people feel about debt and how does that impact them?
W/C people are more debt-averse and try to avoid it
This means they are less likely to attend uni, therefore less likely to get highly paid, high status jobs
What is Cultural Capital
(Bourdieu)
Having the correct knowledge for a social situation
What are the three types of capital?
(Bourdieu)
Cultural Capital
Economic Capital
Educational Capital
What did Sullivan’s study do?
Giving 465 pupils a questionnaire to asses cultural capital
What did Sullivan’s study find out?
- Higher cultural capital = better GCSE grades
- Some of different classes had the same cultural capital
- The gap in achievement in mostly created by m/c families having better resources and aspirations
What are some problems of Sullivan’s study?
There may have been social desireability bias, or leading or closed questions
