Ecumenical councils

Question 1

Define the term religious structure

Answer 1

Can be defined as the organizations that exist within a religion , including its leadership , religious structures typically have a hierarchy.

Question 2

Religious structure

Two examples

Answer 2

The Magisterium and Ecumenical councils

Question 3

Define the term religious process

Refer to how

Answer 3

how a particular outcome is produced. Processes are a system or way of doing something according to a series of predetermined steps , actions or understanding.

Question 4

Religious process

Examples include

Answer 4

the election of the pope , production of church documents

Question 5

Two issues addressed by structure of Catholic Church

Answer 5

Arian heresy and need for aggiornamento

Question 6

A council is ecumenical when

Answer 6

it is presided over by the pope and has all the world’s bishops in attendance

Question 7

Magisterium

Magisterium best thought as

Answer 7

the leadership structure and teaching authority of the Catholic Church

Question 8

Magisterium

What comprises of it

Answer 8

Pope and the World’s bishops

Question 9

Ordinary and Extraordinary Magisterium

What is ordinary

taught through

day to

Answer 9

day to day teaching , taught through homilies for example , when a bishop teaches in his diocese

Question 10

Ordinary and Extraordinary Magisterium

What is extraordinary

does not

Answer 10

does not occur very often , used to address issues within the church such as faith and morals

Question 11

Apolistic succession

Original apostles

Answer 11

Original apostles handed on their authority to the first generation of bishops , this handing over continued

Question 12

Three functions of magisterium

Teaching and safeguarding the Christian message

Meant determining whether

Answer 12

the teachings of individuals or groups of Christians accurately expressed the gospel of Jesus.

Question 13

Three functions of magisterium

Providing for the growing holiness of believers

Make sure

Answer 13

liturgical celebrations in the life of the Church remained authentic to Jesus

Question 14

Three functions of magisterium

Governing the church in the name of Jesus

Bishops govern

Answer 14

their dioceses by reminding all within them of their calling from Jesus to join in the Christian mission to humanity.

Question 15

Define the term infallibility

allows

pope

teach

gift

Answer 15

Infallibility is a charism , or spiritual gift that allows the Pope, either alone or with the world’s bishops at an ecumenical councils to teach without error in matters of faith and morals

Question 16

Ecumenical council

What is it

comprised of

Answer 16

Structure and a process of the Catholic Church comprised of the pope and all the worlds Catholic Bishops

Question 17

Ecumenical council

Purpose of ecumenical councils

Answer 17

councils is to address issues that concern the universal church , clarify doctrine , address theological challenges

Question 18

Two issues addressed by Council of Nicaea and Second Vatican Council

Arain heresy addressed by

Answer 18

Council of Nicaea

Question 19

Two issues addressed by Council of Nicaea and Second Vatican Council

Aggiornamento addressed by

Answer 19

Second Vatican Council

Question 20

The word ecumenical means

Answer 20

‘the inhabited world’

Question 21

Ecumenical councils

Pope’s approval is

Answer 21

crucial for any decisions or documents produced by the council to become binding on the Church.

Question 22

Ecumenical councils

No regular

the of day

social issues

Answer 22

schedule for ecumenical councils since councils come into existence in response to demanding religious and social issues of the day , the church has no regular schedule for convoking them.

Question 23

Canon law

Provides

legal

Answer 23

framework governing church’s organization and practices , outlines pope’s authority to convene councils for deliberation and decision making , roles of participants etc

Question 24

Canon law

Ensures that ecumenical councils

Answer 24

are conducted lawfully and that their decisions have authoritative status within the Catholic church

Question 25

# Arian heresy Define the term ‘heresy’ | Refers to beliefs or opinions that go

Answer 25

against established religious doctrine , particularly regarding fundamental aspects of faith

Question 26

# Key features of Arianism What time period did it occur

Answer 26

Fourth century heresy

Question 27

# Key features of Arianism What did it deny

Answer 27

Denied the full divinity of christ

Question 28

# Key features of Arianism Arius taught that God the Father was | while Jesus Christ

Answer 28

supreme and unique. though divine , was created being and not of the same substance

Question 29

# Key features of Arianism Challenged concept of

Answer 29

trinity

Question 30

# Key features of Arianism Jesus subordinate to

Answer 30

Father

Question 31

# Council of Nicaea Council of Nicaea created in response

Answer 31

to the issue of Arianism

Question 32

# Council of Nicaea Bishops believed | that Jesus

Answer 32

Jesus was eternal and of the same substance as God the father

Question 33

# Purpose of Nicene Creed It clarifies

Answer 33

doctrinal beliefs , ensures unity of faith across various different Christian branches

Question 34

# Purpose of Nicene Creed Arianism was condemned

Answer 34

as heretical , Arius exiled

Question 35

# Purpose of Nicene Creed Nicene creed became cornerstone | consensus

Answer 35

of Christian belief , establishing theological consensus c

Question 36

# Second Vatican Council When was it convoked

Answer 36

Convoked or called by Pope John XXIII in 1959

Question 37

# Second Vatican Council Italian word used to describe need to update church's mission

Answer 37

aggiornamento

Question 38

# Second Vatican Council He saw church needed to make

Answer 38

the message of faith more accessible to people

Question 39

# Second Vatican Council Church had to engage with

Answer 39

modern societies and culture more effectively

Question 40

# Second Vatican Council World rapidly changing with advancemenents

Answer 40

in technology , communication and transportation

Question 41

# Second vatican council Brought people closer together , facilitated

Answer 41

spread of ideas

Question 42

# Second Vatican Council Post war era

Answer 42

significant social and political upheavals

Question 43

# Fortress mentality Refers to a mindset or perception characterized by

Answer 43

an insular , closed off approach to the world , often associated with an institution or group that is perceived as being defensive , rigid and resistant to change

Question 44

# Fortress mentality An example could include

Answer 44

Catholics being forbidden to attend protestant weddings or funerals

Question 45

# Purpose of Second Vatican Council What is the Second Vatican Councils purpose | To Protect church

Answer 45

To protect Church doctrine but at the same time to teach it in better ways

Question 46

# Purpose of Second Vatican The Second Vatican Council responded to the need to update the Catholic Church's pastoral mission in the modern world | does not mean

Answer 46

does not mean breaking with tradition but rather it the effective expression of that tradition in the modern world

Question 47

# Summarise the historical context of the Second Vatican Council Devastation of Second World War

Answer 47

was felt in many countries

Question 48

# Summarise the historical context of the Second Vatican Council Communism was a political presence in | Europe

Answer 48

in Eastern Europe , Parts of Asia with increasing influence on nations such as Italy and France

Question 49

# Summarise the historical context of the Second Vatican Council Developed nations like | consumer culture

Answer 49

USA and Aus , new consumer culture and the growing influence of secular thought resulted in increasing questioning of Christian teaching.