Ecosystems CB9

Question 1

What is an abiotic factor?

Answer 1

Non living factors that effect distribution

Question 2

Examples of abiotic factors

Answer 2

Light 
Temperature 
Pollution 
Wind 
Rainfall

Question 3

Individual

Answer 3

A single organism

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

All organisms of one species in a habitat

Question 5

Community

Answer 5

All the organisms of different species living in a habitat

Question 6

Ecosystem

Answer 6

A community of organisms along with all the non living - abiotic- conditions

Question 7

How does temperature affect communities?

Answer 7

The distribution of bird species living in Germany is probably changing because of a rise in temp

Question 8

How does the amount of water affect communities?

Answer 8

Daisies grow best in soils that are slightly damp

If the soil becomes waterlogged or too dry

Question 9

How does light intensity affect communities?

Answer 9

As trees grow and provide more shade, grasses may be replaced by fungi which are better to cope with the lower light intensity

Question 10

How does levels of pollutants affect communities?

Answer 10

Lichen are unable to survive if the concentration of soulful dioxide is too high

Question 11

How does competition affect communities?

Answer 11

Organisms compete with other species for the sane resources

Question 12

How does predation affect communities?

Answer 12

If the number of lions decreases then the number of gazelles might increase because fewer of them will be eaten by lions

Question 13

What is interdependence of species?

Answer 13

When organisms depend on each other for shelter, food in order to survive and reproduce
A change in the population of ones species can have knock on effects for other species

Question 14

What is mutualism?

Answer 14

A relationship between two organisms, from which both organisms benefit

Question 15

Example of mutualism

Answer 15

Bees and flowering plants
When bees visit flowers to get nectar, pollen is transferred to their bodies, the bees then spread the pollen to other plants when they land on their flowers - bees get food, plants get help reproducing

Question 16

What are parasites?

Answer 16

The parasite takes what it needs to survive but the host doesn’t benefit

Question 17

Example of parasite

Answer 17

Fleas of mammals such as dogs, flees feed in their hosts blood

Question 18

What is fish farming?

Answer 18

Food added to mets to feed fish - produces waste -eutrophication
Fish farms can act as breeding ground for parasites - infect wild animals
Predators can get attracted but then stuck
Farmers fish escape - problems for indigenous fish

Question 19

Introduction of non indigenous species - what is it?

Answer 19

A species that doesn’t naturally occur in an area
They can be introduced intentionally or unintentionally
The introduction of non indigenous species may cause problems for indigenous species

Question 20

What are the impacts of introducing non indigenous species?

Answer 20

They come with indigenous for food and shelter - sometimes they are better and outcompete them
They can also bring new diseases to a habitat

Question 21

Reforestation

Answer 21

Where the trees are replanted
Forest have a high biodiversity because they have a wide variety of trees and plants - provide food and shelter
Planting a variety of trees will increase biodiversity more than just replanting one

Question 22

Conservation scheme methods

Answer 22

Protecting a species natural habitat
Protecting species in a safe place outside their habitat and introducing captive breeding programmes to increase numbers
The use of seed banks to store and distribute the seeds of rare and endangered plants

Question 23

Benefits for humans when maintaining biodiversity

Answer 23

Provides new jobs - ecotourism, conservation schemes and reforestation provide jobs for local people
Ecotourism - people want to visit beautiful, unspoilt places - brings money inti biodiverse areas

Question 24

Benefits for wildlife by maintaining biodiversity

Answer 24

Minimal damage to food chains - conserving one species will help another species to survive
Providing future medicines - many medicines come from plants

Question 25

What is a quadrat?

Answer 25

A square frame enclosing a known area

Question 26

What is the method to use a quadrat to study the distribution of small organisms?

Answer 26

Place quadrat on ground
Count all the organisms in the area
Repeat
Work out the mean number of organisms

Question 27

How do you estimate the population size?

Answer 27

You have to work out the mean number of organisms
1/ size of quadrat
Total x 10
Total x field area

Question 28

What is the method to use a belt transects to study distribution along a gradient?

Answer 28

Mark out a line - from edge to middle
Collect data along the line using a quadrat
Plot a graph to see the changing abiotic factors