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Biology > Ecology exam questions > Flashcards

Ecology exam questions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is biology

A

study of life

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2
Q

what is the primary source of energy for all living organisms?

A

sun

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3
Q

what term is used to describe the wide variety of organisms?

A

diversity

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4
Q

name two characteristics that organisms must exhibit if they are to be classified as living

A

highly organized and composed of cells

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5
Q

metabolism

A

chemical reactions that take place in cells

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6
Q

continuity

A

ability of an organism to exist from one generation to the next

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7
Q

name the characteristic necessary for the survival of a species

A

reproduction

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8
Q

ecology

A

the study of the interactions between living thins (organisms) and between organism and their environment

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9
Q

food chain

A

a sequence of organisms in which each one is eaten by the next member in the chain

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10
Q

edaphic factor

A

relate to soil: factors such as the soil pH, soil type and the moisture, air and mineral content of soil

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11
Q

quantitative survey

A

records the number of amounts that are present

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12
Q

omnivore

A

n animal or person that eats a variety of food of both plant and animal origin

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13
Q

contest competition

A

an active physical contest between two individual organisms

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14
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

the chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, especially by certain microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle

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15
Q

biosphere

A

that part of the planet containing living organisms

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16
Q

niche

A

of an organism is the functional role it plays in the community

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17
Q

symbiosis

A

occurs when two organisms of different species live in close association and at least one of them benefits

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18
Q

suggest one reason why dragonflies are such successful predators

A

Huge eyes

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19
Q

Give two benefits for dragonfly populations living near freshwater vegetation

A

Protection
Laying eggs

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20
Q

Suggest a benefit of the adult and the nymph having different food sources

A

Not in competition for same resource

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21
Q

What type of ecological relationship exists between birds and dragonflies?

A

Predator-prey

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22
Q

Suggest one possible effect on the dragonfly population of:

A

a disease affecting swallow Increases population

23
Q

Suggest one reason why volunteers are being asked to identify dragonflies

A

Conservation

24
Q

Suggest one reason why volunteers are being asked to identify dragonflies

A

Conservation

25
Q

What might a volunteer use to help them identify a dragonfly

A

key

26
Q

Outline the main events of the carbon cycle

A

Carbon enters the atmosphere as CO2. CO2 is absorbed by autotrophs such as green plants. Animals consume plants, thereby, incorporating carbon into their system. Animals and plants die, their bodies decompose and carbon is reabsorbed back into the atmosphere

27
Q

Explain why the carbon cycle is critical to life on Earth

A

For Carbon to be reused by organisms

28
Q

Explain the term ‘pollution’

A

any harmful addition to the enviroment

29
Q

Give one example of waste management from agriculture or fisheries or forestry

A

landfill

30
Q

Other than global warming or pollution, give two factors that can have an effect on human
population

A

war, famine

31
Q

why do organisms need nitrogen?

A

to make protein

32
Q

name processes that occur at A and B

A

A - nitrogen fixation
B - denitrification

33
Q

name the type of bacteria involved in the process indicated by c in the diagram above

A

nitrifying bacteria

34
Q

two possible outcomes of applications of fertilizers

A

more nitrification
more nitrogen absorbed in plants

35
Q

give one limitation of the use of pyramids of numbers in ecology

A

does not take size of organisms in to account

36
Q

one advantage of females giving birth in early summer and not in spring

A

more insects food for bats to feed offspring

37
Q

name and explain one human activity that impacts on Irish bat populations

A

use of peticides
reduces bat population du to less roosting sites

38
Q

name one the type of adaptation necessary for organisms to survive

A

compeitive

39
Q

give two adaptations that bats possess

A

hibernate
sleep upside down

40
Q

what is meant by conservation of species

A

management of organisms and their enviroment

41
Q

what is the importance in nature of recycling elements such as carbon and nitrogen

A

to return elements to environment

42
Q

name two types of bacteria that play a role in the nitrogen cycle

A

nitrogen-fixing and and nitrifying

43
Q

predation

A

catching or hunting and killing and eating another organism

44
Q

suggest why the mink has become a successful predator of the gulls

A

mink have suitable adaptation for catching gulls

45
Q

why are omnivores advantageous to mink

A

they can benefit from both animal and plant matter as food

46
Q

suggest a way in which the mink could cause a decline in the population of these gulls

A

introduce disease

47
Q

suggest another impact on food chains in this ecosystem caused by the presence of mink on these islands

A

could lead to an overpopulation of the gulls prey

48
Q

biotic factor

A

living factor

49
Q

habitat

A

where an organism lives

50
Q

community

A

all the ogranisms in an area

51
Q

population

A

all the orgnaims of a particular species living in an area

52
Q

qualitative survey

A

to establish the presence of organisms

53
Q

explain why pyramids of number are usually restricted to three or four levels

A

due to large energy loss

54
Q

the benefit of N2 changing to nitrates

A

plants can absorb nitrate

Biology (15 decks)

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