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Biology > cell structure - exam questions > Flashcards

cell structure - exam questions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define organ

A

a group of tissues

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2
Q

define organ system

A

group of organs working together to perform one or more functions

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3
Q

examples of organ systems in animals

A

digestive system
circulatory system

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4
Q

explain tissue culture

A

growth of cells in vitro

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5
Q

conditions necessary for successful tissue culture of any two

A

sterile conditions and nutrients

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6
Q

applications of tissue culture of any two

A

skin grafting
plant breeding

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7
Q

explain why the image cannot be produced by a light microscope

A

mitochondria are too small to be seen using a light microscope

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8
Q

name one type of animal cell that does not have mitochondria

A

red blood cell

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9
Q

an animal cell will burst if placed in a concentrated sugar solution

A

false

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10
Q

organs are groups of tissues with a shared function

A

true

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11
Q

eukaryotic

A

contains a nucleus

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12
Q

prokaryotic

A

does not contain a nucleus

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13
Q

which image represents a plant tissue

A

B

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14
Q

give a reason the image represents a plant tissue

A

cell wall present
all cells joined to each other

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15
Q

identify structure Z

A

nucleus

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16
Q

when examining cells with a microscope, name a stain you used

A

iodine

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17
Q

when examining cells with a microscope, give one benefit of using a stain

A

make cells more visible

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18
Q

what is the actual width of this cell

A

0.005 cm

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19
Q

describe the steps taken to view these cells at x400

A

select x40 objective lens
use fine focus

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20
Q

adrenaline is secreted into the blood when experiencing a threat

A

true

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21
Q

plants are produces however they still need mitochondria

A

true

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22
Q

neurotransmitters are transported in the blood

A

false

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23
Q

a potato is a root modified to store food

A

false

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24
Q

tissue culture involves growing cells on a artificial medium

A

true

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25
Q

there are four bones in the middle ear

A

false

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26
Q

monocotyledonous plants are almost always herbaceous

A

true

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27
Q

name two types of animal tissue

A

epidermis and connective

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28
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells with the same function

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29
Q

how the epidermis is adapted

A

one layer thick

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30
Q

how is connective tissue adapted

A

increased synthesis

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31
Q

tissue culture

A

growth of cells in vitro

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32
Q

another tissue application

A

plant breeding

33
Q

name a protein that has a fibrous structure

A

collagen

34
Q

where in the human body would you expect to find collagen?

A

skin

35
Q

give a role of a named mineral other than calcium which is required in plants

A

magnesium, growth

36
Q

state two reasons why water is required by living organisms

A

regulates body temperature
carries nutrients and oxygen acts as a solvent

37
Q

name the metallic element present in haemoglobin

A

iron (fe)

38
Q

what type of food biomolecule may be identified by the use of benedict’s or Fehling’s solution

A

reducing sugar

39
Q

name molecules labeled in the cell membranes A and B

A

A - protein
B - lipid

40
Q

molecules can move through cell membranes through various processes. name two such processes

A

osmosis
diffusion

41
Q

suggest a reason why the organelle involved in aerobic respiration is found in different amounts in different cells

A

cells need different amounts of energy

42
Q

what term is used to describe organisms whose cells contain a nucleus

A

eukaryotes

43
Q

what term is used to describe organisms that do not have nuclei?

A

prokaryotes

44
Q

name an organelle other than the nucleus which contains genetic material

A

mitochondria

45
Q

give two features of eukaryotic cells that distinguish them from prokaryotic cells

A

possess a nucleus and mitochondria

46
Q

give one function of one named tissue found in plants

A

xylem tissue - transports water and nutrients from the roots to different part of the plant

47
Q

give one function of one named tissue found in animals

A

connective tissue - provides support and protection to the body

48
Q

state one way in which xylem tissue is adapted to carry nutrients from the roots

A

forms a continuous hollow tube

49
Q

state one way in which connective tissue is adapted to provide support and protection to the body

A

has white cells to defend body and platelets to clot the blood

50
Q

state two requirements for successful tissue culture

A

sterile conditions
suitable temperature and pH

51
Q

when preparing animal cells for examination with a light microscope describe how you obtained a sample of cells

A

rubbed inside cheek with swab

52
Q

what stain did you use on the sample

A

methylene blue

53
Q

outline how you used the coverslip

A

at an angle to eliminate air bubbles

54
Q

explain why the coverslip is needed

A

to protect the sample from drying out

55
Q

describe how you examined the cells using the microscope

A

focus using coarse focus

56
Q

state function of the coarse focus

A

to focus on sample

57
Q

state a role of connective tissue

A

transports nutrients through diffusion

58
Q

give two examples of the use of tissue culture

A

plant breeding and skin grafts

59
Q

state the precise location of the cell membrane in plants cells

A

Immediately inside the cell wall

60
Q

with what type of cell do you associate membrane bound organelles

A

eukaryotic

61
Q

what corresponding term is used to describe bacterial cells?

A

prokaryotic

62
Q

what does selectively permeable mean?

A

only some substances are allowed to pass through

63
Q

why is diffusion alternatively known as passive transport

A

no or little energy required

64
Q

osmosis may be described as a ‘special case of diffusion. explain why

A

movement of water

65
Q

name the structure by which amoeba gets rid of excess water that had entered by osmosis

A

contractile vacuole

66
Q

give two locations in a cell at which there is a selectively permeable membrane

A

chloroplasts and mitochondria

67
Q

what is diffusion

A

movement of molecules from area of high concentration to area of low concentration

68
Q

in the case of a named molecule, give a precise location at which it diffuses in the human body

A

oxygen passing from alveoli into blood

69
Q

explain the biological basis for the use of high salt concentration in the preservation of food

A

it reduces water activity of foods prevents them from rotting

70
Q

in the human diet zinc, iron and copper are examples of

A

minerals

71
Q

the walls of xylem vessels are reinforced with

A

ligin

72
Q

where in a cell would you expect to find phospholipids

A

membrane

73
Q

what vitamin is an example of a water-soluble vitamin

A

vitamin C

74
Q

name a disorder associated with a deficiency of the vitamin c

A

scurvy

75
Q

function of ribosome

A

protein synthesis

76
Q

the function of cell membrane

A

selectively permeable

77
Q

describe the difference in colour between the nucleus and cytoplasm when the stained cell was viewed under the microscope

A

cytoplasm paler

78
Q

an example of a protein that has a structural role is

A

collagen

Biology (15 decks)

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