Ecology + cell structure + cell diversity + muscle system test answers Flashcards
biosphere
a part of the planet where there is living things
ecosystem
group of clearly distinguished organisms that interact with their enviroment
habitat
a place where a plant or animal lives
symbiosis
relationship between two organisms from different species where at least one benefits
biotic factor
living factor
food web
interlinked food chains
fauna
animals
what is the function of a mitochondria
cell respiration
what is meant by semi-permeable?
some substances can pass through and some can’t pass through
draw a labeled diagram of a cell membrane in the box provided
circle, two circles with legs at bottom, circle
2 circles, two circles with legs at bottom and two circles with legs at the top
what is a tissue
group of cells working together to carry out the same function
name two plant tissues
dermal and vascular
give a function of one of the tissues you named before
dermal - protects the plant
epidermis is usually 1 cell thick which protects the plant
give an example of connective tissue in animals
bone
what is meant by tissue culture?
growth of cells in a sterile and controlled environment in a medium (in vitro)
give two applications of tissue culture
plant breeding and skin grafts
there are five regions in the vertebral column. name any two of these regions and state how many bones are found in each named region
lumbar - 5 regions
sacrum - 5 regions
what are the intervertebral discs made of and what is their function?
cartilage - to prevent bone damage and absorb shock
Bone tissue is continually broken down and reformed during life.
1. Name the cells that break down bone
2. Name the cells that build bone
- osteoclasts
- osteoblasts
give two factors on which the continued renewal of bone depends
exercise ( more vigorous activity, builds up muscles)
diet ( if diet is rich in calcium and nutrients bones are strong, if they are deficient bones are weaker)
give three roles of the skeleton
support
movement
structure
explain what is meant by an axial skeleton
skull
sternum
spine and ribs
give a function for each of the following
1. red marrow 2. cartilage 3. tendon
- produces blood cells
- is a shock absorber and prevents bone damage
- connects muscle to bone
explain what is meant by an antagonistic muscle pair and give an example in the human body
when two bones work together give opposite effects of each other
eg. bicep and tricep
bicep flex arm and trip is lowered and straightens out the arm
suggest a treatment for a named disorder of the musculoskeletal system
arthritis
treatment - rest, no vigorous exercise that may strain the bone
