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Biochem > ECM/Cell Junctions > Flashcards

ECM/Cell Junctions Flashcards

1
Q

the ECM is a complex network of ____ in the extracellular space

A

macromolecules

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2
Q

the ECM is secreted by:

A

the cells in which inhabit it

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3
Q

the ECM is a substantial contributor to ____

A

tissue volume

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4
Q

ECM gives ____ and ____ support to cells and tissues

A

structural; organizational

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5
Q

the ECM regulates cellular processes like ___, ____, and ____

A

proliferation; differentiation; migration

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6
Q

4 main families of molecules comprise the ECM

A
  1. collagens
  2. elastins
  3. glycoproteins
  4. proteogycans
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7
Q

collagen molecules are a ____ composed of 3 ____ chains

A

triple helix; polypeptide

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8
Q

each polypeptide chain of collagen is itself ____

A

helical

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9
Q

collagens have a characteristic repeating sequence of ____

A

Gly-X-Y

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10
Q

intra and inter chain helices of collagen are stabilized by ____

A

H bonding

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11
Q

collagen is ___ of total body protein, ___ of it is ____

A

30% ; 90% ; type I collagen

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12
Q

defective type I collagen causes _____

A

osteogenesis/dentogenesis imperfecta

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13
Q

genetic defects cause the ____ in the collagen chain to be replaced by other amino acids; collagen chains cannot fold correctly into ____; the resulting ____ are defective

A

glycine; triple helices; collagen fibrils

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14
Q

type ___ collagen forms a matrix

A

IV

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15
Q

type IV collagen associates with ____ collagens, forming a mesh-like structure

A

fibrillar

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16
Q

type IV collagen is a major structural component of ____, _____, and _____

A

basement membranes; vascular walls; the glomerulus

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17
Q

anomalies in type IV collagen in the glomerulus cause disease:

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome- autoimmune disease

Alport syndrome- defective type IV collagen chains

18
Q

elastins provide ____ and ____ and are the dominant ECM protein in ____

A

flexibility; resilience; blood vessels

19
Q

elastins are abundant in ____, ____, and ____

A

skin; lungs; intestines

20
Q

elastins are stabilized by ____ crosslinks; crosslinks contains ____

A

two-way; desmosine

21
Q

types of glycoproteins:

A

fibronectin; laminin

22
Q

there are at least 20 types of fibronectin, with ___ and ____ forms

A

soluble; insoluble

23
Q

fibronectin is produced by ____ of a single precursor ____

A

alternative splicing; mRNA

24
Q

alternative splicing controlled by many factors and processes:

A
  • tissue or cell of origin
  • embryogenesis
  • wound healing
  • oncogenesis
25
Q

fibronectin facilitates communication between intracellular and extracellular compartments, important for:

A

cell adhesion, growth, migration, differentiation, embryogenesis, and wound healing

26
Q

loss of fibronectin from the surface of ____ may help initiate ____

A

tumor cells; metastasis

27
Q

fibronectin binds to ___ molecules on cells

A

integrin

28
Q

soluble fibronectin in saliva prevents ____, _____, and other oral pathogens from binding to the oral cavity

A

streptococcus mutans; porphyromonas gingivalis

29
Q

laminin is vital for ____ and ____; laminin is an integral part of the ____

A

tissue maintenance; survival; ECM scaffolding

30
Q

defective laminins can causes diseases:

A
  • muscular dystrophies
  • lethal skin blistering disease, epidermolysis bullosa
  • defects of kidney filter
31
Q

laminin found primarily in ____, gives ____ support to the ECM

A

basal lamina; structural

32
Q

laminin is the major component of basement membranes in ____ and ____ tissues

A

epithelial; muscle

33
Q

laminin binds to cells, often through the ____ family of proteins

A

integrin

34
Q

epithelium attaches to implants by a longer ____ as compared with a natural tooth

A

junctional peri-implant epithelium

35
Q

proteoglycans combine to form ____

A

aggrecan

36
Q

in the cartilage matrix, individual proteoglycans are linked to a nonsulfated GAG, called ____, to form a giant complex with a molecular mass of about 3 million

A

hyaluronic acid

37
Q

functions of proteoglycans

A
  • structural support
  • gel formation due to hydration
  • tissue-specific functions
38
Q

tissue specific functions of proteoglycans

A
  • bind growth factors
  • regulate the activity of specific proteins (regulate enzyme activity)
  • act as co-receptors
39
Q

proteoglycans have many ____ charges, which attract ____ and ____

A

negative; cations; water

40
Q

the negative charges of proteoglycans result in ____ of the ECM, which provides ____ and ____

A

hydration; rigidity; durability

41
Q

proteoglycans are < 10% of ECM protein, but because of their ____, ____ fill most of the extracellular space

A

hydrophilicity; GAG chains

Biochem (14 decks)

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