Carbohydrates and Lipids

Question 1

carbohydrates and lipids are major sources of energy, stored in the body in the form of _____ like _____ and ______

Answer 1

energy reserves; glycogen; triglycerides (fat)

Question 2

carbohydrates and lipids may be bound to ____ and have important ____ and _____ functions

Answer 2

proteins; structural; regulatory

Question 3

carbohydrates and lipids are involved in many ______

Answer 3

biochemical pathways

Question 4

lipids are small ____ or _____ molecules

Answer 4

hydrophobic; amphiphilic

Question 5

lipids form structures such as ____, ____, or _____

Answer 5

vesicles/liposomes; micelles; membranes in aqueous environments

Question 6

lipids are insoluble in ____ but soluble in _____

Answer 6

water; organic solvents

Question 7

simple sugars example and solubility

Answer 7

lactose in milk, sucrose in table sugar; hydrophilic- soluble in aqueous solutions

Question 8

complex sugars example and solubility

Answer 8

polymers (starch or cellulose); form insoluble colloidal dispersions or are insoluble

Question 9

carbohydrates can be polyhydroxyl ____ or ____

Answer 9

aldehydes; ketones

Question 10

simplest 3 carbon sugars

Answer 10

“trioses” (glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone)- have two hydroxyl groups

Question 11

____ is a aldose

Answer 11

glyceraldehye (aldehyde group at one end (glucose))

Question 12

_____ is a ketose

Answer 12

dihydroxyacetone (keto group usually at C2 (fructose))

Question 13

reducing carbohydrate

Answer 13

free aldehyde or ketone group (must first tautomerize to aldose)

Question 14

non-reducing carbohydrate

Answer 14

cannot be easily oxidized; less reactive (sucrose)