ECG collated

Question 1

How are dipoles created in the heart?

Answer 1

Different regions of the heart being polarised or depolarised

Question 2

What do two dipoles generate?

Answer 2

An electrical field measurable with 2 electrodes

Question 3

What is the imaginary line connecting 2 dipoles?

Answer 3

Lead axis

Question 4

Measured potential difference is greatest when?

Answer 4

The lead axis is parallel to the direction of the dipole and 0 when perpendicular

Question 5

Lead position on a 12 lead ECG?

Answer 5

1= RA- LA
2= RA- LL
3= LA-LL
V1-6

Question 6

Direction moving towards the the recording (+ve elctrode) gives what type of deflection?

Answer 6

Upwards

Question 7

Which electrode is the recording electrode?

Answer 7

Positive

Question 8

Depolarization moving away from positive electrode causes?

Answer 8

Downwards stroke on ECG

Question 9

What does the P wave signify?

Answer 9

Atrial depolarization

Question 10

How long does the P wave last?

Answer 10

0.08-0.1 seconds

Question 11

What does Q wave signify?

Answer 11

Left to right depolarization of the interventricular septum

Question 12

How long should the QRS complex be?

Answer 12

0.08-0.1seconds

Question 13

What does the R wave signify?

Answer 13

Depolarization of the main ventricular mass (moving towards recording electrode)

Question 14

S wave signifies?

Answer 14

Depolarization of ventricles at base of heart (moving away from recording electrode)

Question 15

What does T wave signify?

Answer 15

Ventricular repolarization

Question 16

Where do you place lead 1 of an ECG?

Answer 16

4th IC space, RHS

Question 17

Where do you place lead 2 of an ECG?

Answer 17

4th ICS, LHS

Question 18

Where do you place lead 4 of an ECG?

Answer 18

5th ICS, mid-clavicular line

Question 19

Where do you place lead 3 of an ECG?

Answer 19

Halfway between lead 2 and 4 on the rib/between them

Question 20

Where do you place lead 5 on an ECG?

Answer 20

5th ICS, anterior axillary line

Question 21

Where do you place lead 6 on an ECG?

Answer 21

5th ICS, mid axillary line

Question 22

QRS complex signifies?

Answer 22

Ventricular depolarization (<1s)

Question 23

PR interval signifies?

Answer 23

AV nodal delay

Question 24

How long should PR interval be?

Answer 24

0.12-0.2s

Question 25

QT interval signifies?

Answer 25

Depolarization and repolarization of ventricles

Question 26

What does a small box stand for on an ECG?

Answer 26

0.04s

Question 27

What does a large box stand for on an ECG?

Answer 27

0.2s

Question 28

How to find HR on an ECG?

Answer 28

300/no. of large squares between beats

Question 29

How to find HR if irregular?

Answer 29

no. of QRS in 30 large squares x 10

Question 30

6 steps to analysing an ECG?

Answer 30

1. Verify patient details
2. Check date and time ECG was taken
3. Check calibration of ECG paper
4. Determine axis
5. Workout rhythm
6. Look at individual leads for voltage criteria changes OR any ST or T wave changes

Question 31

How to workout rhythm on an ECG?

Answer 31

• Is electrical activity present
• Regular or irregular
• Heart rate
• P waves present
• PR interval
• Each P wave followed by a QRS
• QRS duration normal

Question 32

How to figure out axis deviation?

Answer 32

Look at lead 1 + aVf and make a comparison

Question 33

If the axis is normal?

Answer 33

Lead 1= positive

aVf= positive

Question 34

What is the axis if Lead 1 is positive and aVf is negative?

Answer 34

LAD

Question 35

What would lead 1 be if the axis deviation is RAD and aVf was positive?

Answer 35

Negative

Question 36

What are the aVf and lead 1 in intermediate axis?

Answer 36

both negative

Question 37

Left bundle branch block characteristics?

Answer 37

WilliaM

V1 is w, V6 is M

Question 38

Right Bundle branch block characteristics?

Answer 38

MorroW
V1= M
V6= W

Question 39

Pneumonic for bundle branch block?

Answer 39

William Morrow