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Cardio > Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

When do heart valves produce a sound?

A

When they shut NOT when they open

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2
Q

Explain an overview of the cardiac cycle?

A

The orderly depolarization and repolarization sequence triggers a recurring cardiac cycle of atrial and ventricular contractions and relaxations

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3
Q

Diastole. what happens?

A

The hearts ventricles are relaxed and fill with blood

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4
Q

Systole. What happens?

A

The heart ventricles contract and pump blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery

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5
Q

Events during the cardiac cycle?

A

Passive Filling Atrial contraction Isovolumetric ventricular contraction Ventricular ejection Isovolumeteric ventricular relaxation

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6
Q

Isovolumetric?

A

no corresponding volume change- ventricular volume does not change because all valves are closed at this time

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7
Q

What is the pressure in the atria and ventricles during the passive filling stage?

A

Close to 0

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8
Q

What occurs in the passive filling stage?

A

AV valves open so venous return flows into the ventricles

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9
Q

What is the aortic pressure during passive filling?

A

~80mmHg

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10
Q

The aortic valve is closed during passive filling. True or False?

A

True it is closed

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11
Q

How full do ventricles become by filling?

A

80% full

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12
Q

What happens in the right side of the heart during passive filling?

A

Basically the same as the left except the pressures (right ventricular and pulmonary artery) are much lower

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13
Q

Explain the valves in passive filling?

A

Aortic valve is closed Mitral is open Pulmonary is closed Tricuspid is open

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14
Q

What does the P wave in an ECG signal?

A

Atrial depolarization

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15
Q

When does the atria contract on an ECG?

A

Between the P wave and the QRS

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16
Q

What does atrial contraction achieve?

A

The end diastolic volume

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17
Q

When does ventricular contraction start?

A

After the QRS wave on an ECG

18
Q

What happens in Isovolumeteric contraction?

A

Ventricular pressure rises- when it exceeds atrial pressure the AV valves ShUt Producing the first LUB sound Aortic valve is still shut so no blood can enter or leave ventricles yet - Ventricular pressure rises very steeply- the tension is rising around a closed volume

19
Q

What happens when ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure?

A

The AV valves shut

20
Q

Why is it called isovolumeteric?

A

The tension is rising around a closed volume

21
Q

Explain the pressures in ventricular ejection?

A

When the ventricular pressure exceeds aorta/pulmonary artery pressure

22
Q

What happens in ventricular ejection?

A

Ventricular pressure exceeds pressure in aorta/pulmonary artery. Aortic/pulmonary valve opens (silently) Stroke volume is ejected by each ventricle leaving behind the end systolic volume. Aortic pressure rises

23
Q

What does ventricular ejection leave behind?

A

End Systolic volume

24
Q

SV and end volumes equation?

A

SV= EDV- ESV

25
Q

What does the T wave in an ECG represent?

A

Ventricular repolarization

26
Q

What happens in ventricular repolarization (part of VE)

A

Ventricles relax and ventricular pressure starts to fall When V pressure falls below aortic/pulmonary pressure- aortic pulmonary valves shut Producing the second heart beat DUB

27
Q

What produces the DUB sound?

A

When ventricular pressure falls below that of aortic/pulmonary and the aortic and pulmonary valve shut

28
Q

What does valve vibration produce in an aortic pressure curve?

A

Dicrotic notch

29
Q

What happens in isovolumeteric ventricular relaxation?

A

Closure of aortic/pulmonary valves signal the start of this time AV valve is shut so therefore ventricle is closed box Tension falls around a closed volume

30
Q

What happens when ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure?

A

AV valves open Heart starts a new cycle

31
Q

What is the first heart sound called and caused by?

A

S1 Caused by closure of mitral and bicuspid valves

32
Q

What does S1 indicate?

A

The start of systole

33
Q

What is the second heart sound called and caused by?

A

S2 Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves

34
Q

What does S2 indicate?

A

The end of systole and beginning of diastole

35
Q

How does arterial pressure not reach 0 in diastole?

A

Pressure from external environment?

36
Q

When does JVP occur?

A

After right atrial pressure waves

37
Q

What does JVP stand for?

A

Jugular venous pressure

38
Q

Diagram showing relative heart pressures during cariac cycle?

A
39
Q

Explain this diagram?

A

This is a JVP diagram to show it happens after right atrial pressure waves

a is atrial contraction

c bulging of tricuspid valve into atrium during ventricular contraction

v is a rise of atrial pressure during atrial filling

40
Q
A

Cardio (36 decks)

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