Atheroma and Its Complications Flashcards
Synonyms of Atheroma?
Atherosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
Coronary artery disease
Ischaemic heary disease
Causes of atheroma?
Diabetes Hypertension Cigarette smoking Hyperlipidemia Age (Old) Males Genetics
How does atheroma occur?
Primary endothelial injury
Accumulation of macrophages and lipids
Migration of smooth muscle cell
Increase in size
What happens as atheromatous plaques increase in size?
Blood flow is compromised
Progression of atheromatous plaques over time? Complications?
Fatty streak turns into
Fibrofatty plaque turns into
Complicated plaque
Complications- associated with further loss of luminal patency and arterial wall weakness
When is atheromatous narrowing of an artery likely to produce a critical disease?
It is the only artery supplying an organ or tissue
Artery diameter is very small
Overall blood flow is reduced
Complications of atheroma?
Stenosis Thrombosis Aneurysm Dissection Embolism
What happens in arterial stenosis?
Narrowing of the arterial lumen
Reduced elasticity
Reduced flow in systole
Tissue ischaemia
Clinical affects of cardiac ischaemia?
Reduced exercise tolerance Angina Unstable angina MI Cardiac failure
What does coronary stenosis produce?
Cardiac ischameia
What happens in cardiac fibrosis?
Loss of cardiac myocytes
Replacement by fibrous tissue
Loss of contractility
Reduced elasticity and filling
Conditions cause by arterial stenosis in coronary arteries?
TIA
Stroke
Vascular dimentia
conditions caused when Arterial stenosis in renal arteries?
Hypertension
Renal failure
Conditions which arise from arterial stenosis in peripheral arteries?
Claudication
Foot/leg ischaemia
Clinical effects of thrombsis?
MI
Cerebral Infarction
Renal infarction
Intestinal infarction
