Eating Disorders Flashcards
Name some examples of feeding and eating disorders.
Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge-Eating Disorder Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder
What is disordered eating?
General term for abnormal or atypical eating behaviours associated with efforts to control weight
What population group is at high risk for disordered eating?
Risk is high in university students with stress and pressures
What are warning signs for disordered eating?
Severe self-criticism
Depressed mood
Belief that only worthwhile when thin
Preoccupation with weight, shape and dieting
What % of female university students suffer from disordered eating?
4% of struggle with Anorexia Nervosa plus 4% suffer from Bulimia Nervosa
61% have some kind of subclinical eating problem, including chronic dieting,
binge/purging and subclinical bulimia
What % of male university students suffer from disordered eating?
10-20% suffer from disordered eating plus 2% have clinical Bulimia Nervosa
What is the death rate of eating disorders?
The death rate for eating disorders is high: approx 20% (in 30- year follow-up studies)
How has the BMIs of Miss America’s changed from 1944 to 1986?
Dramatically decreased
22 to 18.5
What is anorexia characterized by?
distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss with a pathological fear of becoming fat, despite being underweight.
- Intense fear of becoming obese by losing control
over eating
- Dissatisfaction with body shape
What kind of personality traits do patients with anorexia nervosa have?
- Sense of powerlessness over own life situations
- High expectations of self and others
- Obsessive-Compulsive personality traits (perfectionism)
- “Black or White” thinking
- Fear of age, sexuality, independence
What are some unusual eating behaviours for patients with anorexia nervosa?
measuring, vegetarianism, eat in small dishes, excessive consumption of water or gum, eating very slowly
What does anorexia nervosa result in?
Protein-energy malnutrition
What criteria was taken off the DSM for anorexia?
Amenorrhea in females (no menses for 3 months)
What is the age of onset for anorexia nervosa? How long does it usually last? What % are male?
- Ages 11-20 (young)
- 1 to 10 years
- 10% are male
What other disease does anorexia look like? Why?
- Marasmus
- Both result in protein energy malnutrition
Name some anorexia warning signs.
Sudden and drastic weight loss that is not otherwise explainable, (i.e. not due to illness or surgery)
Irregular or absent periods
The development of narrow, weird food preferences
The development of abnormal rituals surrounding food and meal times
Refusal to eat in front of others
Cooking eagerly for others while refusing themselves to eat
prepared food
Overdoing exercise and showing signs of anxiety when a workout is interrupted or missed
Always feeling cold, even in warm weather
Wearing baggy clothes to hide body
What is bulimia nervosa characterized by?
- Characterized by frequent episodes (at least once per week)of binge eating followed by inappropriate behaviors such as self-induced vomiting to avoid weight gain. Feeling of lack of control over binges
- Self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic use, strict dieting or fasting, vigorous exercise
Which eating disorder may the individual be of normal weight?
Bulimia
What is the bing eating cycle?
Negative self-perception -> restrictive dieting -> bing eating -> purging
Name some BN warning signs.
Binge eating; It is usually done in secret but evidence may present itself in the form of missing food or empty containers.
Finding excuses to leave the table after meal
Signs of vomiting in bathroom
Evidence of excessive laxative or diuretic use
Chipmunk-cheeks, repeated vomiting causes glands around the jaw to swell.
Pattern of weight fluctuations that are usually in the ten to twenty pound range
Excessive exercise
Burst blood vessels in eyes
What is binge eating disorder characterized by?
recurring episodes of eating significantly more food in a short period of time than most people would eat under similar circumstances,
What are typical eating disorders
- Obsession with exercise
- Body composition/weight class
- Purging
How often does binge eating disorder happen?
occurs, on average, at least once a week over three months
What is the behaviour of wrestlers striving to be a lower weight class to have an advantage over small opponents?
Restrict food and fluid intake before match
Practice in rubber suits
Sit in saunas
Take laxatives and diuretics
Replenish fluids, glycogen and lean tissue between weigh in and competition (a few hours)
What is the truth behind wrestlers losing water weight?
Reestablishing fluid and electrolytes can take 1-2 days
Replenishing glycogen stores can take 2-3 day
Replacing lean tissue may take even longer
What is the female athlete triad?
Eating Disorder
Osteoporosis
Amenorrhea
What do eating disorders lead to?
- Restrictive dieting
- Overexercising
- Weight loss
- Lack of body fat
What can osteoporosis lead to?
Loss of calcium from bones
What does amenorrhea lead to?
Diminished hormones
What are therapy options for individuals with eating disorders?
Multi-disciplinary team Cognitive behavioural therapy Group / family therapy Inpatient / outpatient Nutrition counseling Pharmacological intervention
