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Abnormal Psychology > Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Eating Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • Subsisting on little or no food for long periods of time, resulting in low body weight
  • High mortality rate - 6% per decade
  • Linked to problems with heart, liver, bone density, electrolytes gastro
  • Usually don’t recognize they are under weight
  • Fear of gaining weight and losing control
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2
Q

Prevalence of anorexia nervosa

A
  • 0.6% lifetime in western countries
  • 75% of cases are in girls and women
  • peak age 14-20
  • higher rates in trans and non-binary
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3
Q

How is anorexia nervosa different for men and boys

A

Ideal body type is muscular and leaner

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4
Q

Types of anorexia nervosa

A

Restricting type
- Using dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise
Binge/purge types
- Engage in binge eating and purging
- Could include misuse of laxatives
- binging is not usually large amount of food

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5
Q

Symptoms of anorexia nervosa

A

Food preoccupation
- Spend lot of time thinking and planning mood
Distortions in Thought
- Think they are bigger than they are

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6
Q

Research in Body image

A

Participants view a photo of themselves through adjustable lens
- can adjust to be 20% smaller or larger than actual proportions
Over 50% of participants with anorexia overestimate their body size

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7
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A
  • Bingeing followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviours to prevent weight gain
  • 1 to 14 times per week
  • Body distortions are not as pronounced as AN
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8
Q

Binge

A

Large amount of food consumed in a discrete period of time
- Feeling of little to no control over eating
- Feeling compelled to eat even when not hungry

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9
Q

Prevalence of Bulimia Nervosa

A

1% lifetime prevalence

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10
Q

Differences between bulimia nervosa and anorexia

A

Compared to those with anorexia:
- History of mood swings, strong emotions
- Trouble coping, controlling impulses
- Dental problems
- More concerned about: Pleasing others, being attractive to others, experiencing intimacy

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11
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A
  • Binge eating without compensatory behaviors
  • Generally associated with obesity
  • Higher risk for those living with food insecurity
  • Binges not driven by desire for thinness
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12
Q

Prevalence of binge-eating

A

2-3.5% lifetime prevalence in USA

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13
Q

Biological Approach for theories of eating disorders

A

HERITABILITY
- 48-74% for AN
- 23% for bulimia
- 41% for BED
Structural or functional problems in hypothalamus
AN - enhanced dopamine activation in response to weight loss
Bulimia - deficiency in serotonin may lead to carbohydrate cravings

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14
Q

Psychosocial Contributors to theories of eating disorders

A

Social media usage linked to:
- body image concerns
- low self-esteem
- dieting and disordered eating
Involvement in certain sports
Family dysfunction, poor communication inappropriate boundaries
Internalizing ‘thin ideal’

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15
Q

Stice, maxfield & wells (2003) body satisfaction study

A

A thin, attractive 19-year-old women approached college women and spoke about:
- Pressure Condition: Dissatisfaction with weight, extreme exercise regime and restrictive diet
- Neutral Condition: Classes and plans for the weekend
FINDINGS: women in the pressure condition significantly more dissatisfied with their own bodies

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16
Q

Cognitive approach to theories of eating disorders

A
  • Perfectionism (black and white thinking)
  • Low self-esteem
  • Concern with others’ opinions
  • Judge themselves based solely on weight and shape
  • Implicit concern about body size
17
Q

Viken et al. bulimic women and body size

A
  • Women with and without bulimic symptoms
  • Shown photos of women who varied in body size or facial expression
  • Women with bulimic symptoms were more likely to attend to info about body size and classsify photos based on body size
18
Q

Emotion approach to theories of eating disorders

A

Maladaptive strategies of dealing with painful emotions

19
Q

2 subtypes of binge eating

A

Dieting subtype and depressive subtype

20
Q

Dieting subtype of binge eating disorder

A
  • Concern about body shape and size
  • Attempt to maintain a strict diet but give in to binge eating
21
Q

Depressive subtype to binge eating

A
  • Concern about body shape and size
  • Eating to deal with feelings of depression and low self-esteem
  • More social and psychological consequences
  • Less likely to respond well to treatment
  • 80% develop MDD over 8 years
  • 43% develop eating disorder

Abnormal Psychology (12 decks)

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