Earth Science Minerals

Question 1

-Pure Elements
-They are formed of simple molecules or individual elements arranged in repeating chains, sheets, or three-dimensional arrays.

-More than 4, 000 naturally occurring ……….-inorganic solids that have a characteristic chemical composition and specific crystal structure-have been found on Earth

Answer 1

Minerals

Question 2

-A process of organizing atoms to form crystalline solids.
-Happens around cooling magma

Answer 2

Crystallization

Question 3

-The cooling and hardening of lava or magma into mineral.
-Under extreme heat and pressure

Answer 3

Recrystallization

Question 4

-The realignment of atoms in minerals under high temperature and pressure.

Answer 4

Rearrangement

Question 5

-From the evaporating seawater
-Related to crystallization in forming minerals

Answer 5

Precipitation

Question 6

-These flow through ground cracks
-Minerals are deposited by hot springs

Answer 6

Hydrothermal Solutions

Question 7

-Are responsible for the physical and chemical properties a mineral possesses.

Answer 7

Crystal structure or “Internal Arrangement of Atoms”

Question 8

-Iced water does not count (From refrigerator)
-Icebergs do
-Ex. Cinnabar

Answer 8

Solid

Question 9

-Having definite chemical compositions
-Same atoms throughout the mineral

Answer 9

Homogenous

Question 10

-Ex. Icebergs
-They happen throughout nature

Answer 10

Naturally Occurring

Question 11

-Having the structure and form of a crystal

Answer 11

Crystalline in Structure

Question 12

-Atoms vibrate in a fixed pattern
-Ex. Diamonds
-Has a definite heat fusion, sharp melting point

Answer 12

> Crystalline Solids

Question 13

-Atoms vibrate in place in more random arrangements
-Irregular patterns
-Melt over a rage of temperature
-No definite heat fusion (What range the thing will melt)

Answer 13

> Amorphous Solids

Question 14

-Does not come from a living organism
-Has not been bonded with carbon, and it could never bring life to a cell
-Material that has never been alive
-Ex. Fluorite

Answer 14

Inorganic

Question 15

-A visual attribute of an object based on perception.
-One of the most obvious but not the most reliable.

Answer 15

1. Color

Question 16

-The color of finely crushed powder when a mineral is dragged across a streak plate.
-Weathering changes the exterior color but the streak gives its true color.

Answer 16

2. Streak

Question 17

-The shine of an unweathered mineral or the way it looks in reflected light.
-It can be metallic or non-metallic.

Answer 17

3. Luster

Question 18

-The ratio of mass and volume of a mineral.

Answer 18

4. Density

Question 19

-Resistance of a mineral to be scratched.
-The Moh’s scale is used to identify a mineral’s hardness

Answer 19

5. Hardness

Question 20

-The tendency of the mineral to break along zones of weakness and form semi-smooth or parallel surfaces.

Answer 20

6. Cleavage

Question 21

-An irregular or uneven break.

Answer 21

7. Fracture

Question 22

-When diluted acid (HCl) is placed on a mineral, it can bubble.

Answer 22

8. Acid Test

Question 23

-When mineral is attracted to a magnet

Answer 23

9. Magnetism

Question 24

-When a mineral glows under ultraviolet light

Answer 24

10. Fluorescence

Question 25

-Minerals usually taste salty

Answer 25

11. Taste

Question 26

-When a mineral exhibits a distinctive smell

Answer 26

12. Smell

Question 27

-When a mineral gives off radiation that can be measured with a Geiger counter

Answer 27

13. Radioactivity

Question 28

What are the 3 processes in forming minerals

Answer 28

1. Crystallization
2. Recrystallization
3. Rearrangement
4. Precipitation
5. Hydrothermal Solutions

Question 29

Characteristics of Minerals:

Answer 29

Solid
Homogenous
Naturally Occurring
Crystalline in Structure