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ENT Medicine > Ear Disease > Flashcards

Ear Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of ear disease?

A

Hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, otalgia, discharge, facial weakness, nasal symptoms

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2
Q

What are the signs of ear disease?

A

Discharge, swelling, bleeding, masses, external scars, changes in ear drum, swelling of mastoid, facial weakness, hearing loss

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3
Q

What are the types of hearing loss?

A

Conductive, sensorineural, mixed

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4
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Inflammation of skin of ear canal

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5
Q

What causes otitis externa?

A

Almost always infective = may be bacterial or fungal

Commonly water, cotton buds or skin conditions

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6
Q

Who gets acute otitis media?

A

More common in children, associated with glue ear and URTIs

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7
Q

What is chronic otitis media associated with?

A

Otitis media with effusion (glue ear), perforation, cholesteatomas

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8
Q

What age group commonly suffers from glue ear?

A

More common in children

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9
Q

What is glue ear associated with?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction or obstruction

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10
Q

What should be considered as the causes of glue ear in adults?

A

Rhinosinusitis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, nasopharyngeal lymphoma

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11
Q

What do audiograms for glue ear look like?

A

CHL with flat tympanogram

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12
Q

What causes perforation?

A

Commonly due to acute otitis media, may occur after trauma

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13
Q

How is perforation treated?

A

Doesn’t normally need treatment as it heals spontaneously

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14
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

Presence of keratin within middle ear = erodes surrounding bone

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15
Q

What may a cholesteatoma cause?

A

Hearing loss, discharge and complications

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16
Q

How do cholesteatomas arise?

A

Most commonly acquired, rarely congenital

17
Q

How are cholesteatomas treated?

A

Generally need surgical excision and reconstruction

18
Q

What are some complications of acute otitis media and cholesteatomas?

A 
Medially = sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, facial palsy
Superiorly = brain abscess, meningitis
Posteriorly = venous sinus thrombosis
19
Q

What does otosclerosis present with?

A

Gradual onset conductive hearing loss

20
Q

Who tends to suffer from otosclerosis?

A

More common in women = progresses more rapidly during pregnancy, tends to be familial

21
Q

Why is a stapedectomy required to treat otosclerosis?

A

There is fixation of the stapes footplate

22
Q

What are some causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Presbyscusis, noise-induced, drug-induced, vestibular schwannoma, Meniere’s disease, trauma (i.e skull fracture)

23
Q

What is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Presbyscusis = caused by aging, occurs gradually, highly variable onset, affects high frequency sounds first

24
Q

What is the classical sign of noise-induced hearing loss on an audiogram?

A

Classical dip at 4kHz

25
Q

What occurs in noise-induced hearing loss?

A

Loss of perception of narrow range of frequencies = preventable with projection (employers legal obligation)

26
Q

Why may drugs cause hearing loss?

A

Could be directly toxic to inner ear or auditory nerve

27
Q

What are some drugs that may cause sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Gentamicin and other aminoglycosides, chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin, vincristine), aspirin and NSAIDS in overdose

28
Q

What is a vestibular schwannoma?

A

Benign tumour of inner auditory meatus = diagnosed on MRI

29
Q

How do vestibular schwannomas present?

A

Hearing loss, tinnitus, imbalance

30
Q

What is Meniere’s disease?

A

Disorder of inner ear = causes hearing loss and dizziness, usually occurs between 20-40s

31
Q

Where may trauma that has caused hearing loss be to?

A

Directly to the ear itself or to the head = can cause any of the three kinds of hearing loss

32
Q

What are some complications of a skull fracture?

A

Conductive/sensorineural hearing loss, facial palsy, cerebrospinal fluid leak

ENT Medicine (22 decks)

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