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NUR 325 > E3 WBC disorders > Flashcards

E3 WBC disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis “Mono”

A

-Self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorders
-Infection of B lymphocytes
-Atypical lymphocytes proliferate

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2
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis is caused by

A

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

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3
Q

Main mode of transmission for Infectious Mononucleosis

A

EBV contaminated saliva
“Kissing disease”
Also body fluids-Semen or blood/ Sex or organ transplant

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4
Q

What age group does Infectious Mononucleosis mainly effect?

A

adolescence/ young adults

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5
Q

Acute phase and Onset of Infectious Mononucleosis

A

Insidious, incubation 4-8 weeks
Acute phase 2-3 weeks
Some degree of debility/lethargy 2-3 months

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6
Q

Clinical manifestations of Infectious Mononucleosis

A

-Lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-Hepatits (swollen liver)
-Splenomegaly (swollen spleen)
-Extreme fatigue
-Fever
-Sore throat
-Body aches
-WBC increased and Lymphocytes increased

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7
Q

Treatment of Infectious Mononucleosis

A

Symptomatic & supportive
-Take tylenol & rest
-No vaccine
-Prevent by not kissing, sharing drinks, personal items

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8
Q

What is Myelodysplastic syndrome?

A

A group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quantity and quality of bone marrow elements

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9
Q

Who does Myelodysplastic syndrome usually effect?

A

elderly (65+)

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10
Q

Clinical manifestations of Myelodysplastic syndrome

A

-Cytopenias (low blood cell count)
-Anemia
-Infection
-Spontaneous bleeding or bruising

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11
Q

Etiology of Myelodysplastic syndrome

A

Unknown, maybe an environmental trigger

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12
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of Myelodysplastic syndrome

A

Diagnosis: Laboratory (CBC) & bone marrow biopsy
Treatment: Depends on severity-
-Supportive (Low grade/chronic)
-Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
-Erythropoietin (RBC prob)
-Chemo & Bone marrow transplant (severe)

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13
Q

What is Leukemias?

A

Malignant neoplasms of cells originally derived from a single hematopoietic cell line
aka immature WBCs that are unregulated or undifferentiated

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14
Q

Leukemic cells: (4)

A
  1. Are immature & unregulated
  2. Proliferate in bone marrow
  3. Circulate in blood
  4. Infiltrate spleen & lymph nodes
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15
Q

Who is most affected by Leukemia?

A

Children & adults

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16
Q

How is Leukemia classified?

A

According to their predominant cell type & whether the condition is acute or chronic
1. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL): Most common childhood Leukemia
2. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Most common Leukemia in Older adults
3. Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML)
4. Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)

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17
Q

Myelocytic pathway

A
  1. Hematopoiesis
    Pluripotential stem cell
  2. Myeloid stem cells
  3. Granulocyte: macrophage stem cells
    4a. Granulocyte stem cells
    4b. Monocytic stem cells
    5a. Neutrophils, Eosinophils, & Basophils
    5b. Monocytes & Macrophages

*Immature granulocytes

18
Q

Lymphocytic pathway

A
  1. Hematopoiesis
    Pluripotential stem cell
  2. Lymphoid stem cells
  3. Lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells, plasma cells)

*immature lymphocytes

19
Q

Cause of Leukemia

A

Unknown
Increased exposure to radiation

20
Q

Pathogenesis of Leukemic cells (4)

A
  1. Immature type of WBC
  2. Capable of increased rate of proliferation// have prolonged life span
  3. Can’t perform function of mature leukocytes (ineffective phagocytes)
  4. Interfere with maturation of normal bone marrow cells (including RBC & platelets)
21
Q

Acute Leukemia

A

-Sudden, stormy onset
-ALL: Mainly kids with high survival rate
-AML: adults with low survival rate
-S/S related to decreased (mature) WBC, RBC, & plateltes
-Bone pain, bruising, fever, fatigue, infection, kid may refuse to walk

22
Q

Chronic Leukemia

A

-More insidious onset
-No sudden pain onset
-May be discovered during routine check up of blood count
-CLL: Mainly older adults with high survival rate
-CML: adults & kids with slightly lower survival rate

23
Q

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

A

-Relatively mature lymphocytes that are immunologically incompetent
-S/S: fatigue, wt loss, anorexia, infections

24
Q

Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)

A

-Leukocytosis with immature cell types (presents with increased granulocytes count & splenomegaly)
-S/S: fatigue, wt loss, diaphoresis, bleeding, abdominal discomfort
-Age 40-50

25
Q

Treatment of Leukemia

A

-Goal: attain remission
-Cytotoxic chemotherapy
-Stem cell transplant
-Risks: Infection, rejection, relapse

26
Q

What is Malignant Lymphoma? and the 2 types

A

-Neoplasms of cells derived from lymphoid tissue
-Hodgkins & Nonhodgkins

27
Q

Hodgkins disease is characterized by

A

painless, progressive, rubbery enlargement of a single node or group of nodes- usually in neck area

28
Q

What is the distinctive tumor cell found with Hodgkins disease

A

Reed-Stenberg cell
(Originate from B-cells in lymph nodes- they grow & spread in predictable manner)

29
Q

Clinical manifestations of Hodgkins disease

A

Insidious onset, painless enlarged lymph nodes & other nonspecific symptoms
-fever, night sweats, wt loss, malaise

30
Q

Treatment of Hodgkins disease

A

Good treatment due to predication of growth
-Chemotherapy
-Radiation
-Stem cell transplant

31
Q

Non-Hodgkins disease is characterized by

A

Painless, superficial lymphadenopathy, extranodal symtoms (get lymph tissue outside of lymph nodes)

32
Q

Non-Hodgkins disease is most common in ______ & the spread is

A

older adults
alot less predicable & prognosis is less certain

33
Q

What makes Non-Hodgkins disease difficult to treat?

A

majority of pts have widely spread disease at time

34
Q

Clinical manifestations of Non-Hodgkins disease

A

Painless lymph node enlargement & non-specific symptoms (fever, night sweats, wt loss)

35
Q

Treatment of Non-Hodgkins disease

A

-Chemotherapy
-Radiation
-Refractory cases: stem cell transplants
-Rituximab, ibritumomab tiuextan, tositumomab

36
Q

What is the typical location of Hodgkins disease

A

Cervical

37
Q

What is Multiple Myeloma?

A

-Cancer of B cells
-Atypical proliferation of one of immunoglobulins “ M protein”: a monoclonal antibody (increased osteoclasts, lead to bone destruction)
-Unable to maintain humoral immunity (antibody secretion)

38
Q

Multiple Myeloma is characterized by

A

-bone pain/fractures, also symptoms r/t impaired production of RBC & WBC

39
Q

Who is most at risk for Multiple Myeloma?

A

African American Men Age 65

40
Q

Clinical manifestations of Multiple Myeloma

A

Slow and insidious, skeletal pain, hypercalcemia

41
Q

Diagnostics of Multiple Myeloma

A

-Monoclonal antibody protein in serum & urine
-Pancytopenia (Every WBC & RBC decreased)
-Hypercalcemia
-Bence Jones protein in urine
-Elevated serum creatinine (decreased kidney function)
-X-rays osteolytic lesions

NUR 325 (21 decks)

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