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NUR 325 > E3 Skin disorders > Flashcards

E3 Skin disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Fungal transmission

A
  1. Implementation (gets under skin after injury): Tineas
  2. Inhalation: cryptococcal
  3. Taking Antibiotics: candidiasis
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2
Q

Fungal infections are more common in

A

the elderly & immuno-compromised

Can proliferate more easily in pts with vascular indwelling catheters, organ transplant recipients, and pts receiving chemo

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3
Q

Types of Superficial fungal skin lesions

A
  1. Tinea pedis
  2. Tinea captitis
  3. Tinea veriscolor
  4. Candidiasis
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4
Q

Superficial fungal infections are caused by

A

mycoses or dematophytes

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5
Q

Treatment of Superficial fungal infections

A

TOPICAL antifungal preparations

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6
Q

Types of common fungi

A
  1. Yeast= Candida albicans
  2. Superficial dermatophytes= Tineas (live on keratinized tissues of skin, hair, nails)
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7
Q

What is Tinea Pedis and its characteristics

A

Athletes foot
-Dry, scaling pruritic lesions
-May only affect skin in the web space between toes

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8
Q

Risk factors and prevention of Tinea Pedis

A

Coming into contact with infected skin or fungus in environment

Use of shower shoes
Cleaning Shower after each use
Keep feet dry

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9
Q

Treatment of Tinea Pedis

A

TOPICAL antifungals in most cses
Systemic antifungals: Oral or IV

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10
Q

What is Tinea Capitis and its Characteristics?

A

Cradle cap (common in infants)

-Can affect scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes
-Scaly erythematous lesions and hair loss
-Most common pediatric dermatophyte

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11
Q

Treatment of Tinea Capitis

A

PO system anti-fungals bid for 4-6 weeks
Topicals are NOT effective

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12
Q

What is Tinea versicolor?

A

-A ring worm that affects the skin of the upper chest, back, and arms
-Caused by a type of yeast that grows out of control

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13
Q

What is the characteristics and risk facors of Tinea versicolor?

A

Acidic bleach from the growing yeast causes skin discoloration (patches that are white, pink, red, or brown)

Risk factors: Hot climate, sweating alot, oily skin, weakened immune system, not contagious

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14
Q

Treatment of Tinea veriscolor?

A

TOPICAL antifungals including shampoos such as selsum blue

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15
Q

What is Candidisasis: Thrush/yeast infections? and its appearance?

A

-Yeast under fat folds, breast, panasis, groin
-Very common in hospitalized, HIV, Chemo, organ transplant pts

-May appear as white lesions in mouth
-Beefy red with satellite lesions in intertriginous areas (skin on skin areas)

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16
Q

Risk factors and treatment of Candidiasis?

A

Immunosuppression or antibiotic use

TOPICAL anti-fungal agent

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17
Q

What is Tinea corporsis?

A

Ringworm of the body

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18
Q

What is Tinea Cruris?

A

Ring worm of the groin

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19
Q

Systemic fungal infections require

A

aggressive treatments with oral/ parental antifungals

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20
Q

Systemic fungal infections affect

A

Internal organs: intestines, urinary tract, lungs, brain

Lungs: histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, pneumocytosis

Lungs & Meninges: cryptococcis

*-osis endings means fungal infection

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21
Q

Herpes zoster is also known as

A

Shingles

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22
Q

Varicella zoster virus lies dormant on a _____ segment after infection with ______

A

dermatome
chickenpox

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23
Q

Varicella zoster becomes reactivated bu

A

immunosuppressants, stress, or illness

24
Q

Prodrome of Varicella zoster

A

-Burning/tingling along dermatome and then rash develops with vesicle that dry and crust over

25
Q

Characteristics of Varicella zoster

A

Vesicles on red base that follow along dermatomal distribution-asymmetric (does not cross midline)
-Extremely painful
-Clears on 2-3 weeks
-Occurs age >50 if chickenpox hx
-Most contagious when vesicles are weeping

26
Q

Treatment and complications of Varicella zoster

A

Anti-virals (PO or IV)

Complications: Post-herpetic neuralgia persistant pain in the area where the rash was

27
Q

Bacterial skin infections (5)

A
  1. Impetigo
  2. Abscess
  3. Furuncle
  4. Cellulitis
  5. MRSA
28
Q

What is Impretigo?
Appearance?
Contagiousness?
Treatment?

A

-Organism carried in the nose (Causative agents: staphylococci & streptococci)
-Acute & contagious
-Appearance: vesicles, pustules, honey-colored crust on red base
-Treatment :Topical antibacterial-bactroban

29
Q

What is an abscess?
Appearance?
Treatment?

A

-Skin inflamed & red w/ collection of pus
-Area often raised with palpable borders
-Tender
-May drain purulent discharge or feel ‘fluctuant’ (fluid filled)
-Treatment: incision & drainage & antibiotics (not topical)

30
Q

What is Furuncle?
Treatment?

A

a bacterial infection of hair follicle

Treatment: Incision & Drainage & Antibiotics (Not topical)

31
Q

What is Carbuncle?
Treatment?

A

a painful, deep, swelling of the skin caused by bacteria

Treatment: Incision & Drainage & Antibiotics (Not topical)

32
Q

What causes cellulitis?

A

-Bacterial infection of skin & surrounding tissues (usually staph or strep bacteria)
-May be an initial injury or wound that becomes infected
-May be caused by animal or insect bite
-Lower extremities usually

33
Q

Appearance, Contagiousness, & treatment of cellulitis?

A

Red, painful, swollen, warm to touch (Blisters may form)

Not contagious- may become serious & spread to lymph nodes & blood stream

Treatment: PO or IV (not topical)

34
Q

What is MRSA caused by?

A

-type of staph bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics
-Hospital acquired- invasive procedures, surgeries, IV tubing, artificial joints
-Community acquired begins as painful boil (transmitted from person to person)
High risk: high school wrestlers, child care workers, crowded living conditions

35
Q

Symptoms of MRSA

A

warm to touch, purulent drainage, fever, abscess

Bacteria can burrow deep into the body, life threatening infections of bone, joints, surgical wounds, bloodstream, heart valves, lungs

36
Q

Treatment of MRSA

A

Hospital acquired- IV vancomycin or Zyvox (not topical)

Community aquired- Bactrim or dicloxacillin (PO)

Prophylaxis- Bactroban nasal ointment prior to surgery

37
Q

Skin Cancers (3)

A
  1. Basal cells- most common, but least often malignant
  2. Squamous cell- 2nd most common, can metastasize to remote areas
  3. Melanoma-Rarer, but high rates of metastasis
38
Q

Precancerous lesions (2)- describe

A
  1. Actinic keratosis- due to UV rays, common in fair skin, rough, scaly, red plaques
  2. Solar lentigos- liver/age spots, fair skin
39
Q

Skin cancer increases with ______

before age 50 _____ are more likely to have melanoma but after age 50 ______ are more likely

A

Age
Women
Men

40
Q

______ are 20x more likely to be diagnosed with skin cancers but ______ are 4x more likely to be diagnosed after the cancer has progressed

A

Caucasians
African Americans

41
Q

ABCDEEs of mole assessment

A

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
Elevation

42
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

-Most common skin cancer in white-skinned people, Most curable, non-metastasizing
-Increased risk w/ sun exposure
-Characteristics: nodular form that begins small, flesh-colored or pink dome shaped bump

43
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

-2nd most frequent, curable with early treatment, can metastasize to lymph nodes or internal organs
-Increase risk w/ sun exposure
-Characteristics: red & scaling, keratotic, elevated lesion with irregular border, shallow chronic ulcer
-Horizontal spread

44
Q

What is Melanoma

A

-Cancer of the melanocytes
-Malignant cells grow on the skin: radially spreading in the epidermis & vertically spreading deep into the dermis
-Late sign: spread internally, in the eyes, and under the nails

45
Q

Risk factors of Melanoma

A

Early & extreme sun exposure
-Family hx
-Caucasian male
-Blonde/ Red hair
-Freckling on back
-3 or more sunburn blistering before age 20
-3 or more years of outdoor job as teen

46
Q

ABCDE of melanoma

A

A: Vary in size & shape
B: Irregular
C: Varies
D: >6mm
E: mole or skin lesion that looks different from the rest or is changing in shape, color, size

47
Q

What is Eczema? Is it contagious

A

-Group of skin conditions that cause the skin to become inflamed or irritated
-Not contagious
-Atopic is most common
-Affects 10-20% of infants & 3% of kids/ adults

48
Q

Characteristics/ Symptoms of eczema?

A

-Pruritis
-Rash on face/back of knee/wrist/hands/feet
-Skin very dry/thickened/scaly
-Lesions may appear reddish then turn burn
-Can ooze & crust over
-Exacerbated by heat, cold detergents, Upper resp infection, stress

49
Q

Treatment of Eczema

A

-Relieve itching/prevent infection
-Lotions & creams to keep moist
-Cold compresses
-OTC hydrocortisone cream or prescription strength
-Immune modulator meds
-TOPICAL

50
Q

What is Psoriasis? Is it contagious?

A

-Long term, chronic
-Begins in Young Adults
-NOT contagious
-Affects 1-3% of popu.
-Over-active immune system may be autoimmune
-Link w/ obesity & cardiovascular disease

51
Q

Characteristics of Psoriasis?

A

Skin cells grow quickly causing skin to be thick, white, silvery or have red patches of skin –> plaque

52
Q

Normal skin cells grow ____ and flake off about every ____

A

gradually
4 weeks

53
Q

Treatment of psoriasis

A

-Keep skin moist
-UV light phototherapy
-Corticosteroid creams/lotions
-TOPICAL meds
-Immune modulating meds

54
Q

What skin disorders can be treated topically?

A

-Tineas pedis
-Tinea versicolor
-Candidiasis
-Impetigo
-Eczema
-Psoriasis

55
Q

What skin disorders can NOT be treated topically

A

-Tinea capitis
-Abscess
-Furuncle & Carbuncle
-Cellulitis
-MRSA
-Herpes Zoster: Shingles

56
Q

Superficial melanoma spreading type = __%

A

70

57
Q

Nodular form melanoma is the most _______

A

aggressive

NUR 325 (21 decks)

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