E2 vision Flashcards
visible specturm
380 to 760 nm
wavelenghts to energy
inversely porportional
too short too much ennergy
too long too little
chromattic aberation
diff coolor diff wavelength diff focusing
blue short refracted more than red
5 layers of cornea
corneal epithelium bowmans membrane corenal stroma descemets membrane corenal endothelium
afferent limb of corneal reflex
corneal epithelium innervated by trigeminal nerve
goes to spinal nucleus of V
efferent limb of corneal reflex
motor fibers of facial motor nuclei
response is bilateral because spinal nucleus of V has collateral to both facial motor nuclei in brainstem reticular formation
pupillary constriction
preganglionic parasympathetic in edinger westphal nucleus
postganglioni in ciliary ganglion to sphincter mucle of pupil
constriction improves sharpness and decreases light entering eye
pupilary dilation
preganglionic sympathetic neurons in intermediolateral cell column T1 to T2
postganglionic in superior cervical ganglion to dilator muscle
ciliary body
secretes aquious humor to posterior chamber of the eye
outer layer for melanin
inner layer for aqueous humor
aqueous humor
anterior and posterior chambers of the eye nutrients for cornea and lens
from ciliary body
reuptake in canal of schlemm
intraocular pressure depeneds on this
gaucoma
intraocular pressure
blood flow to retina restricted
accomodation
ciliary muscle changes lens shape
for far: muscle at rest so ligaments are stretched to flatten it
for near: muscle contracts, ligaments relax, lens buldges to increase refraction
neural circuit for lens accommodation
preg parasym in edinger westphal
post in ciliary gang to ciliary msucle to control suspensory ligament tension
presbyopia
lens loses elasticity with age
near point recedes
cataract
clouding of lens from denatured proteins
emmetropic eye
normal
hyperopic eye
farsightedness
eye is short/refractive power is weak
image focuesses behind retina
biconvex lens fixes to bend more light
myopic eye
nearsightedness
eye is too long or refractive power is too strong
focus is in front of retina
biconcave lens diverges more light
astigmatism
irregular curves in cornea or lens
retina layers
inner limiting membrane
layer of optic nerve fibers
ganglion cell layer
inner plexiform layer for bipolar cells and ganglinon cells and amacrine cells
inner nuclear layer all nuclei for bipolar, amacrine, horizontal and muellar cells
outer pleix form for synapses of photoreceptors with bipolar and horizontal cells
outer nuclear cell bodies of photoreceptors
outer limiting membrane is just junctinos
layer of rods and cones
inner vs outer rods and cones
inner makes em
outter transduces
fovea
most photoreceptors
only cones so most color
bipolar and ganglion pushed out of way to get most light
optic disc/papilla
no phot receptors
blind spot
swelling of disk from pressure from where optic nerves are leaving
discontinuity of retina
