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Biochemistry 2 > E2 Pentose Phosphate Pathway > Flashcards

E2 Pentose Phosphate Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of PPP?

A

cytosol/cytoplasm

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2
Q

What is the main product of PPP?

A

NADPH

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3
Q

What are the 3 other names for PPP?

A

A. hexose monophosphate pathway
B. hexose monophosphate shunt
C. phosphogluconate pathway

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4
Q

Name the two phases of PPP.

A
  1. oxidative

2. non-oxidative

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5
Q

What is the key regulatory enzyme of PPP?

A

G-6-P DH

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6
Q

T/F. ATP can be either created or consumed in PPP.

A

False; no ATP used/made

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7
Q

Which PPP phase includes the interconversion of sugars?

A

non-oxidative

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8
Q

Which PPP phase includes the production of NADPH?

A

oxidative

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9
Q

In which cells does the PPP occur?

A

practically all

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10
Q

Which enzyme(s) phosphorylate glucose?

A

hexokinase/glucokinase

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11
Q

What cellular condition stimulates PPP?

A

low NADPH

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12
Q

What is the main sugar in the non-oxidative phase of PPP?

A

Ribose-5-P

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13
Q

Match the enzyme to the rxn.
A. G-6-P+NADP++H2O –> 6phosphoglucono-sigma-lactone
B. 6phosphoglucono-sigma-lactone –> 6-phosphogluconate
C. 6 phosphogluconate+NADP+ –> Ribose-5-phosphate + NADPH

  1. lactonase
  2. 6-phosphogluconate DH
  3. transketolase
  4. glucose-6-phosphate DH
  5. transaldolase
A

A. 4
B. 1
C. 2

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14
Q

Which rxn is the key rate limiting step in PPP? Is it reversible?

A

G-6-P + NADP+ + H2O –> 6 phosphoglucono-sigma-lactone; none are reversible

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15
Q

How many NADPH are produced per 1 glucose-6-phosphate?

A

2

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16
Q

What is used as an electron donor in detoxification?

A

NADPH

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17
Q 
Which rxn does NADPH not provide reducing power for? (pick two)
A. cholesterol synthesis
B. nucleotide synthesis
C. protein synthesis
D. respiratory bursts
E. antioxidant regeneration 
F. fatty acid synthesis
G. fatty acid breakdown 
H. detoxification
A

C. protein synthesis

G. protein breakdown

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18
Q

Which detoxification system is used in the liver?

A

P450 monooxygenase system and/or cytochrome 450 monooxygenase system

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19
Q

_____ and _____ are required to make toxins soluble.

A

Electrons, oxygen

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20
Q

Name the process in which white blood cells take in more oxygen.

A

respiratory burst

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21
Q

What is the location of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system?

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

What is the fate of soluble toxins?

A

excrete in urine

23
Q

Where are reactive molecules and non-self (bacteria) sequestered?

A

in a vesicle

24
Q

In a respiratory burst, is NADPH used as an electron donor or acceptor?

A

donor

25
Q

What is used to produce reactive molecules in harsh chemistry?

A

O2 and electrons from NADPH

26
Q

Respiratory Burst Matching
A. O2+NADPH –> O2- +NADP+
B. O2- –> H2O2
C. H2O2 –> HClO

  1. lactonase
  2. superoxide dismutase
  3. transketolase
  4. myeloperoxide
  5. oxidase
  6. G-6-P DH
A

A. 5
B. 2
C. 4

27
Q

What is the lettering for hypochlorous acid? Superoxide?

A

HClO, O2-

28
Q

_______ give electrons to free radicals to “quench” them.

A

antioxidants

29
Q

Proteins, phospholipids, and DNA are oxidized via _______.

A

free radicals

30
Q

_______ gives electrons to antioxidants.

A

NADPH

31
Q

Do free radicals have paired or unpaired electrons? Do they want to give or take electrons?

A

unpaired, take electrons

32
Q

Antioxidants Matching (multiple answers for each)
A. superoxide
B. hydrogen peroxide

  1. reactive species
  2. free radical
  3. catalase
  4. O2-
  5. glutathione peroxide
  6. superoxide dismutase
A

A. 2, 4, 6

B. 1, 3, 5

33
Q

What are the 3 cofactors of superoxide dismutase?

A

zinc, copper, manganese

34
Q

What is the cofactor of catalase?

A

iron

35
Q

What is the cofactor of glutathione peroxide (GPX)?

A

selenium

36
Q

Name the location(s) of superoxide dismutase.

A

extracellular, cytoplasm, mitochondria

37
Q

What is the major location of catalase?

A

cell peroxisomes

38
Q

Name the location(s) of GPX.

A

cytosol, mitochondria

39
Q

What are the 2 functions of superoxide dismutase?

A
  1. eliminate superoxide

2. produce H2O2

40
Q

What is the main function of catalase and GPX?

A

eliminate H2O2

41
Q

T/F. Neutrophils have LOTS of catalase.

A

true

42
Q

What is the most significant antioxidant in the elimination of H2O2?

A

GPX

43
Q

What makes up the tripeptide glutathione?

A

glutamate-cysteine-glycine

44
Q

Glutathione Matching
A. GSH
B. GSSG

  1. oxidized form
  2. reduced form
A

A. 2

B. 1

45
Q

Regerating glutathione requires electrons from ______.

A

NADPH

46
Q

What is the enzyme that facilitates GSSG —> 2-GSH?

A

glutathione reductase

47
Q

What enzyme facilitates O2- —> H2O?

A

superoxide dismutase

48
Q

What enzyme facilitates H2O —> H2O + O2?

A

catalase

49
Q

What enzymes facilitates H2O —> H2O?

A

GPX

50
Q

T/F. When antioxidants are regenerated, PPP is inhibited.

A

false; stimulates PPP

51
Q

Pentose Phosphate Pathway is ______ driven.

A

product

52
Q

Matching
A. Ribose-5-Phosphate (C5)
B. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

  1. transketolase
  2. transaldolase
A

A. 1

B. 2

53
Q

T/F. Ribose is NOT needed for DNA and RNA.

A

False

54
Q

What are options for reversible non-oxidative reactions?

A

build new cells, glycolysis, recycle sugars to G-6-P

Biochemistry 2 (14 decks)

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