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PSC2018 > E-learning 7 CNS > Flashcards

E-learning 7 CNS Flashcards

1
Q

what does the CNS consist of

A

brain
spinal cord

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2
Q

information is relayed to the CNS by afferent neurons in the..

A

peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

information is transported out of the CNS to ________ _____ by the efferent neurons of the PNS

A

effector cells

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4
Q

the brain in divided into what two hemispheres

A

a right and a left hemisphere

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5
Q

what does the left hemisphere control

A

logic
numbers
language

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6
Q

what does the right hemisphere involve

A

creativity
imagination
rhythm

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7
Q

the two hemispheres are joined by a neural bridge of nerve fibres known as the…

A

corpus callosum (This allows the two halves of the brain to communicate)

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8
Q

what does the forebrain consist of

A

cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus

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9
Q

the midbrain is not divided further

A
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10
Q

what does hindbrain consist of

A

cerebellum
pons
medulla

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11
Q

a very common structural grouping is the brainstem which consists of what

A

the midbrain, pons and medulla

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12
Q

what does the midbrain control

A

higher functions than the other regions of the brainstem for example it controls eye movement and the auditory system

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13
Q

what does the medulla control

A

very basic, life sustaining functions such a breathing and heart rate

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14
Q

what does the pons have roles in

A

consciousness and posture

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15
Q

the cerebellum consist of two mounds of folded tissue posterior to the…

A

brainstem

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16
Q

it is connected to the brain stem by what

A

three peduncles

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17
Q

what are peduncles

A

bands of neurons resembling a stalk

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18
Q

what is the cerebellum is mainly involved in controlling…

A

motor functions

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19
Q

where does the cerebellum receive inputs from

A
  • ascending sensory pathways from the body
  • descending motor pathways from the cerebrum
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20
Q

what is the thalamus

A

a relay point where all inputs to the cerebrum synapse before ascending to the cerebral cortex. it relays the info to the relevant part of the cerebrum

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21
Q

what is the main function of the hypothalamus

A

homeostasis

22
Q

what does it control directly

A

blood pressure
body temp
fluid and electrolyte balance
body weight

23
Q

what does the hypothalamus control via inputs to the medulla

A

heart rate
vasoconstriction
digestion
sweating

24
Q

most of the volume of the cerebral hemispheres consists of white matter. what does white matter contain?

A

axons

25
Q

what is found is grey matter

A

cell bodies of the axons

26
Q

the grey matter makes up the…

A

cerbral cortex

27
Q

The cerebral cortex is the location of higher functions such as:

A

intelligence
personality
interpretation of sensory impulses
motor function
planning and organisation
touch sensation

28
Q

what are sulci

A

infoldings of brain

29
Q

what are gyri

A

sticky out bits between sulci. These are areas of functional grey matter

30
Q

what are the four lobes of the brain

A

frontal lobe (front)
parietal lobe (middle)
temporal lobe (below parietal lobe)
occipital lobe (back)

31
Q

what is the central sulcus

A

sulcus located between the frontal and parietal lobes.

32
Q

pre central gyrus

A

gyrus infront of the central sulcus

33
Q

post central gyrus

A

gyrus behind the central sulcus

34
Q

lateral fissure

A

separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.

35
Q

Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

separates the parietal and occipital lobes

36
Q

what in the function of the frontal lobe

A

integrated brain functions such as planning. also involved in emotional responses

37
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe

A

movement, orientation and some recognition

38
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe

A

mainly involved with the visual cortex

39
Q

what is the function of the temporal lobe

A

integrating sound speech, forming memories

40
Q

what is the function of the pre central gyrus

A

location of primary motor cortex (movement)

41
Q

what is the function of the post central gyrus

A

location of primary somatosensory cortex (touch, pain, temperature and proprioception)

42
Q

The CNS is covered by the meninges. what is it?

A

a layer of tissue that physically separates the CNS from the rest of the body

43
Q

the meninges are made up of what three layers

A

pia mater (adherent to the brain itself and dips down into the sulci)
arachnoid mater (in the middle)
dura mater (outermost and very tough layer)

44
Q

Within the meninges, the CNS is bathed in what fluid

A

the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

45
Q

CSF is produced by specialised epithelium called the ______ ______ lining cavities within the brain known as ________.

A

choroid plexus
ventricles

46
Q

The choroid plexus actively secretes components of ______ ______ into the ventricles

A

blood plasma

47
Q

the CSF has lower levels of what compared to the blood plasma

A

proteins, cells and most ions

48
Q

the CSF has higher levels of what compared to the blood plasma

A

of sodium, chloride and magnesium ions

49
Q

CSF is reabsorbed into the venous circulation at specialised points called….

A

arachnoid granulations.

50
Q

The ventricles are simply spaces or cavities within the brain linked by passageways called…

A

aqueducts

51
Q

what is the order of flow of CSF

A

Lateral ventricles - interventricular foramina - third ventricle - cerebral aqueduct - fourth ventricle - median/lateral apertures and the central canal

PSC2018 (8 decks)

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