E-learning 7 CNS

Question 1

what does the CNS consist of

Answer 1

brain
spinal cord

Question 2

information is relayed to the CNS by afferent neurons in the..

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system

Question 3

information is transported out of the CNS to ________ _____ by the efferent neurons of the PNS

Answer 3

effector cells

Question 4

the brain in divided into what two hemispheres

Answer 4

a right and a left hemisphere

Question 5

what does the left hemisphere control

Answer 5

logic
numbers
language

Question 6

what does the right hemisphere involve

Answer 6

creativity
imagination
rhythm

Question 7

the two hemispheres are joined by a neural bridge of nerve fibres known as the…

Answer 7

corpus callosum (This allows the two halves of the brain to communicate)

Question 8

what does the forebrain consist of

Answer 8

cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus

Question 9

the midbrain is not divided further

Question 10

what does hindbrain consist of

Answer 10

cerebellum
pons
medulla

Question 11

a very common structural grouping is the brainstem which consists of what

Answer 11

the midbrain, pons and medulla

Question 12

what does the midbrain control

Answer 12

higher functions than the other regions of the brainstem for example it controls eye movement and the auditory system

Question 13

what does the medulla control

Answer 13

very basic, life sustaining functions such a breathing and heart rate

Question 14

what does the pons have roles in

Answer 14

consciousness and posture

Question 15

the cerebellum consist of two mounds of folded tissue posterior to the…

Answer 15

brainstem

Question 16

it is connected to the brain stem by what

Answer 16

three peduncles

Question 17

what are peduncles

Answer 17

bands of neurons resembling a stalk

Question 18

what is the cerebellum is mainly involved in controlling…

Answer 18

motor functions

Question 19

where does the cerebellum receive inputs from

Answer 19

• ascending sensory pathways from the body
• descending motor pathways from the cerebrum

Question 20

what is the thalamus

Answer 20

a relay point where all inputs to the cerebrum synapse before ascending to the cerebral cortex. it relays the info to the relevant part of the cerebrum

Question 21

what is the main function of the hypothalamus

Answer 21

homeostasis

Question 22

what does it control directly

Answer 22

blood pressure
body temp
fluid and electrolyte balance
body weight

Question 23

what does the hypothalamus control via inputs to the medulla

Answer 23

heart rate
vasoconstriction
digestion
sweating

Question 24

most of the volume of the cerebral hemispheres consists of white matter. what does white matter contain?

Answer 24

axons

Question 25

what is found is grey matter

Answer 25

cell bodies of the axons

Question 26

the grey matter makes up the...

Answer 26

cerbral cortex

Question 27

The cerebral cortex is the location of higher functions such as:

Answer 27

intelligence personality interpretation of sensory impulses motor function planning and organisation touch sensation

Question 28

what are sulci

Answer 28

infoldings of brain

Question 29

what are gyri

Answer 29

sticky out bits between sulci. These are areas of functional grey matter

Question 30

what are the four lobes of the brain

Answer 30

frontal lobe (front) parietal lobe (middle) temporal lobe (below parietal lobe) occipital lobe (back)

Question 31

what is the central sulcus

Answer 31

sulcus located between the frontal and parietal lobes.

Question 32

pre central gyrus

Answer 32

gyrus infront of the central sulcus

Question 33

post central gyrus

Answer 33

gyrus behind the central sulcus

Question 34

lateral fissure

Answer 34

separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.

Question 35

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 35

separates the parietal and occipital lobes

Question 36

what in the function of the frontal lobe

Answer 36

integrated brain functions such as planning. also involved in emotional responses

Question 37

what is the function of the parietal lobe

Answer 37

movement, orientation and some recognition

Question 38

what is the function of the occipital lobe

Answer 38

mainly involved with the visual cortex

Question 39

what is the function of the temporal lobe

Answer 39

integrating sound speech, forming memories

Question 40

what is the function of the pre central gyrus

Answer 40

location of primary motor cortex (movement)

Question 41

what is the function of the post central gyrus

Answer 41

location of primary somatosensory cortex (touch, pain, temperature and proprioception)

Question 42

The CNS is covered by the meninges. what is it?

Answer 42

a layer of tissue that physically separates the CNS from the rest of the body

Question 43

the meninges are made up of what three layers

Answer 43

pia mater (adherent to the brain itself and dips down into the sulci) arachnoid mater (in the middle) dura mater (outermost and very tough layer)

Question 44

Within the meninges, the CNS is bathed in what fluid

Answer 44

the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 45

CSF is produced by specialised epithelium called the ______ ______ lining cavities within the brain known as ________.

Answer 45

choroid plexus ventricles

Question 46

The choroid plexus actively secretes components of ______ ______ into the ventricles

Answer 46

blood plasma

Question 47

the CSF has lower levels of what compared to the blood plasma

Answer 47

proteins, cells and most ions

Question 48

the CSF has higher levels of what compared to the blood plasma

Answer 48

of sodium, chloride and magnesium ions

Question 49

CSF is reabsorbed into the venous circulation at specialised points called....

Answer 49

arachnoid granulations.

Question 50

The ventricles are simply spaces or cavities within the brain linked by passageways called...

Answer 50

aqueducts

Question 51

what is the order of flow of CSF

Answer 51

Lateral ventricles - interventricular foramina - third ventricle - cerebral aqueduct - fourth ventricle - median/lateral apertures and the central canal