E-learning 7 CNS Flashcards
what does the CNS consist of
brain
spinal cord
information is relayed to the CNS by afferent neurons in the..
peripheral nervous system
information is transported out of the CNS to ________ _____ by the efferent neurons of the PNS
effector cells
the brain in divided into what two hemispheres
a right and a left hemisphere
what does the left hemisphere control
logic
numbers
language
what does the right hemisphere involve
creativity
imagination
rhythm
the two hemispheres are joined by a neural bridge of nerve fibres known as the…
corpus callosum (This allows the two halves of the brain to communicate)
what does the forebrain consist of
cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus
the midbrain is not divided further
what does hindbrain consist of
cerebellum
pons
medulla
a very common structural grouping is the brainstem which consists of what
the midbrain, pons and medulla
what does the midbrain control
higher functions than the other regions of the brainstem for example it controls eye movement and the auditory system
what does the medulla control
very basic, life sustaining functions such a breathing and heart rate
what does the pons have roles in
consciousness and posture
the cerebellum consist of two mounds of folded tissue posterior to the…
brainstem
it is connected to the brain stem by what
three peduncles
what are peduncles
bands of neurons resembling a stalk
what is the cerebellum is mainly involved in controlling…
motor functions
where does the cerebellum receive inputs from
- ascending sensory pathways from the body
- descending motor pathways from the cerebrum
what is the thalamus
a relay point where all inputs to the cerebrum synapse before ascending to the cerebral cortex. it relays the info to the relevant part of the cerebrum
what is the main function of the hypothalamus
homeostasis
what does it control directly
blood pressure
body temp
fluid and electrolyte balance
body weight
what does the hypothalamus control via inputs to the medulla
heart rate
vasoconstriction
digestion
sweating
most of the volume of the cerebral hemispheres consists of white matter. what does white matter contain?
axons
what is found is grey matter
cell bodies of the axons
the grey matter makes up the…
cerbral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the location of higher functions such as:
intelligence
personality
interpretation of sensory impulses
motor function
planning and organisation
touch sensation
what are sulci
infoldings of brain
what are gyri
sticky out bits between sulci. These are areas of functional grey matter
what are the four lobes of the brain
frontal lobe (front)
parietal lobe (middle)
temporal lobe (below parietal lobe)
occipital lobe (back)
what is the central sulcus
sulcus located between the frontal and parietal lobes.
pre central gyrus
gyrus infront of the central sulcus
post central gyrus
gyrus behind the central sulcus
lateral fissure
separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.
Parieto-occipital sulcus
separates the parietal and occipital lobes
what in the function of the frontal lobe
integrated brain functions such as planning. also involved in emotional responses
what is the function of the parietal lobe
movement, orientation and some recognition
what is the function of the occipital lobe
mainly involved with the visual cortex
what is the function of the temporal lobe
integrating sound speech, forming memories
what is the function of the pre central gyrus
location of primary motor cortex (movement)
what is the function of the post central gyrus
location of primary somatosensory cortex (touch, pain, temperature and proprioception)
The CNS is covered by the meninges. what is it?
a layer of tissue that physically separates the CNS from the rest of the body
the meninges are made up of what three layers
pia mater (adherent to the brain itself and dips down into the sulci)
arachnoid mater (in the middle)
dura mater (outermost and very tough layer)
Within the meninges, the CNS is bathed in what fluid
the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
CSF is produced by specialised epithelium called the ______ ______ lining cavities within the brain known as ________.
choroid plexus
ventricles
The choroid plexus actively secretes components of ______ ______ into the ventricles
blood plasma
the CSF has lower levels of what compared to the blood plasma
proteins, cells and most ions
the CSF has higher levels of what compared to the blood plasma
of sodium, chloride and magnesium ions
CSF is reabsorbed into the venous circulation at specialised points called….
arachnoid granulations.
The ventricles are simply spaces or cavities within the brain linked by passageways called…
aqueducts
what is the order of flow of CSF
Lateral ventricles - interventricular foramina - third ventricle - cerebral aqueduct - fourth ventricle - median/lateral apertures and the central canal
