E-learning 2 cardiovascular Flashcards
what are the two systems in the heart
pulmonary and systemic
contraction of the ventricles is
systole
relaxation of the ventricles is
diastole
blood leaves the right ventricle through what vessel
the pulmonary trunk
what does the pulmonary trunk divide into
the left and right pulmonary arteries
where does the blood enter after its been oxygenated at the lungs
the left atrium
the thoracic cage protects the contents of the thorax.
what is it made up of
the ribs
costal cartilage
sternum (anteriorly)
thoracic vertebrae (posteriorly)
what is the superior thoracic aperture
the opening at the top of the thoracic cage which is a passage between the thoracic cavity and neck
what is the inferior thoracic aperture
where the diaphragm attached to the thoracic cage
what are the three regions in the thoracic cavity
right pleural cavity
mediastinum
left pleural cavity
what do the right and left pleural cavities contain
the lungs
what is the central compartment of the thoracic cage
mediastinum
what are the two main compartments of the mediastinum
superior mediastinum and the inferior mediastinum
the sternal angle is a horizontal plane between the superior and inferior mediastinum. what number thoracic vertebrae does it divide
T4 and T5
the inferior mediastinum is further subdivided into the
anterior mediastinum, middle mediastinum and posterior mediastinum
the superior mediastinum contains what
the oesophagus
the trachea
the arch of the aorta
superior vena cava
left and right phrenic nerves
vagus nerves
thoracic duct
sympathetic chains
anterior mediastinum consists of
fat and the thymus
middle mediastinum contains the
heart and pericardium
posterior mediastinum contains
the descending aorta
the oesophagus
thoracic duct
azygos systems of veins
what is the azygos system of veins
H shaped configuration of the azygos, hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins.
this system drains the posterior thoracic wall
sympathetic chains are adjacent to what
to the vertebral bodies
what is the thoracic duct
main lymphatic vessel for the return of lymph to the venous system
what is the thymus
a T cell producing lymphoid organ
phrenic nerve
a paired nerve that supplies the diaphragm