E-learning 1 Flashcards
1
Q
anatomical position
A
facing forward
arms down at the side
palms facing forward, thumbs pointing out
right and left are from the view point of the patient
2
Q
anterior means
A
the front of the body
3
Q
posterior means
A
the back of the body
4
Q
talocrural region is the
A
ankle
5
Q
transverse plane
A
splits the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections. also know as horizontal or axial plane
6
Q
coronal plane
A
splits the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections. also known as the frontal plane
7
Q
sagittal plane
A
splits the body into left and right sections
8
Q
oblique plane
A
splits the body at an angle
9
Q
viscera
A
internal organs in the main cavities of the body
10
Q
process
A
a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body
11
Q
articulate
A
to form a joint, the action or manner of jointing between bonds and/or cartilages
12
Q
rectus
A
coming from the word straight
13
Q
glosso
A
relating to the tongue
14
Q
intra
A
inside/within
15
Q
para
A
beside/alongside of
16
Q
sigmoid
A
crescent shaped, S shaped
17
Q
dura
A
coming from the word meaning tough or hard
18
Q
genio
A
relation to the chin
19
Q
papilla
A
meaning nipple or small protuberance
20
Q
hypo
A
under or below
21
Q
teres
A
coming from the work meaning rounded
22
Q
tubercle
A
any round nodule, small eminence or wart outgrowth found of an anatomical structure
23
Q
superior (cranial)
A
towards the top/ nearer the head
24
Q
inferior (caudal)
A
towards the bottom/ nearer the feet
25
anterior (ventral)
towards/ nearer to the front
26
posterior (dorsal)
towards/ nearer to the back
27
medial
towards/ nearer the median plane
28
lateral
farther from the median plane
29
proximal
towards/ nearer the trunk or point of origin
30
distal
farther from the trunk of the point of origin
31
superficial
nearer to or on the surface
32
deep
farther from the surface
33
dorsum
dorsal surface part of hand or foot
34
palm
palmar surface of the hand
35
sole
plantar surface of the foot
36
bilateral
relating to 2 sides (arms are bilateral)
37
unilateral
relating to one side (the spleen in unilateral)
38
Ipsilateral
belonging to or occurring on the same side of the body (the stomach s ipsilateral to the spleen)
39
contralateral
relating to the side of the body opposite to that on which a particular structure or condition occurs (the liver is contralateral to the spleen)
40
there are seven cervical vertebrae termed
C1-C7
41
12 thoracic vertebrae termed
T1-T12
42
there are 5 lumbar vertebrae termed
L1-L5
43
5 sacral vertebrae termed
S1-S5
44
the trunk of the body can be split in to three regions
thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
45
thorax
chest which contains the heart lings and great vessels
46
boundaries of the thorax are made up of the thoracic cage and wall muscles. the thoracic cage is also known as the
rib cage
47
the superior boundary of the thorax is the
superior thoracic inlet
48
the inferior boundary is the
diaphragm
49
the posterior boundary in the
ribs and thoracic vertebrae
50
the anterior boundary is the
ribs, costal cartilage and the sternum
51
abdomen contains the
liver
gallbladder
oesophagus
spleen
stomach
small intestine
kidneys
adrenal glands
52
pelvis is protected by
hip bone
53
pelvis is made up off
ilium, ischium and pubis
54
the two subdivisions of the pelvis are known as the
greater 'false' pelvis and the lesser 'true' pelvis
55
upper limb consists of
shoulder, arm, forearm and hand
56
upper limb attaches through the
scapula
57
lower limb consists of the
thigh, lower leg and foot
58
the lower limb attaches through the
body pelvis (hip joint)
59
humans have the following body systems
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
cardiovascular
respiratory
endocrine
immune
gastrointestinal / digestive
genitourinary / urogenital
nervous
60
cardiovascular system
primary function is to transport nutrients and oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body and carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs
61
respiratory system
consists of the nasal cavity, larynx, tracheobronchial tree and lungs. primary function is breathing and gas exchange
62
skeletal system
consists of all the bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments in the body. structure and locomotive function
63
integumentary system
includes epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, associated glands, hair and nails. it is the largest organ of the body that forms a physical barrier between the external and internal environment
64
muscular system
consists of specialised cells called muscle fibres. muscle fibres are attached to bones or other structures and they are responsible for movement
65
genitourinary / urogenital system
consists of kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra and sexual organs
66
gastrointestinal / digestive system
consists of the mouth, pharynx (mouth), oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. it also includes the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas, which make digestive juices and enzymes that help the body digest food and liquids
67
immune system
consists of a network of biological processes that protects an organism from diseases. it detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens
68
nervous system
consists of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs and other nervous tissue. coordinates actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of the body
69
endocrine system
messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands into the circulatory system regulating target organs
70
bonds provide
protection of major organs
forming the mechanical basis for movement
haemopoesis: enthrocytes and b lymphocytes are made in the bone marrow
storage of salts in bone
71
there are two types of mature bone
compact and spongy
72
parts of the skeleton that are not formed by bone consist of
cartilage
73
3 types of cartilage
hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage
74
axial bs appendicular skeleton
axial skeleton includes all the bones along the bodys long axis
the axial skeleton includes the bones that form the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage
the bones of the appendicular skeleton append to the axical skeleton
75
the bones we should know well
skull
mandible
sternum
clavicle
scapula
humerus
radius
ulna
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges (fingers)
costal cartilages
cervical vertebrae
thoracic vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae
sacrum
coccyx
hip bone
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges (toes)
