E-commerce Infrastructure: The Internet, Web, and Mobile Platform (I) Flashcards
Digital divide
The contrast between societies with internet access and those without
Internet
Interconnected network of thousands of networks and millions of computers, linking groups and individuals
World Wide Web (Web)
Provides access to trillions of web pages on the internet
Evolution of the internet: Innovation Phase
1961-1974
Building blocks of the internet were conceptualized and put into hardware
Original purpose was to link computers across college campuses
Basic ideas and tech were developed
Evolution of the internet: Institutionalization Phase
1975-1995
Large institutions provided funding for expanding the internet
1986 - the NSF embarked on a 10 year $200 million project to bring the internet to the public (NSFNET)
Evolution of the internet: Commercialization Phase
1995-Present
Private corporations take over the internet and expand it (eg: Google)
Private corps brings the internet to more people every day
Internet (Tech definition)
A network that uses the IP addressing scheme, supports the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and makes services available to users much like a telephone system makes voice and data services available to the public
Packet switching
A method of slicing digital messages into packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination
Packets
The discrete units into which digital messages are sliced for transmission over the internet
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Protocol: Set of standards and rules for data transfer
TCP: Establishes connections among sending and receiving computers and handles assembly and reassembly of packets
IP: Provides the internet’s addressing scheme and is responsible for delivery of packets
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Provides an alternative TCP when the error-checking and correction functionality of TCP is not necessary
Four TCP/IP Layers
Network interface layer
Internet layer
Transport layer
Application layer
Network interface layer
Responsible for placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium
Internet layer
Responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing messages on the internet
Transport layer
Responsible for providing communication with other protocols (applications) within the TCP/IP suite.
Application layer
Includes protocols used to provide user services or exchange data
IPv4 address
Expressed as a 32-bit number appearing as a series of 4 separate numbers marked off by periods
Supports up to 2^32 users
IPv6 address
Internet address expressed as a 128-bit number
Supports up to 2^128 users
Web server software
Enables a computer to deliver web pages to clients on a network that request this service by sending an HTTP request
Web server
May refer to either web server software or physical server
Web client
Any computing device attached to the internet that is capable of making HTTP requests and displaying HTML pages
Cloud computing
Model of computing in which computer processing, storage, software, and other services are provided as a shared pool of virtualized resources over the internet
Cloud computing essential characteristics
On-demand self-service (users can obtain computing capabilities on their own)
Ubiquitous network access (Accessible using standard network and internet devices)
Location-independent resource pooling (resources serve multiple customers)
Rapid elasticity (demand manageable)
Measured service (charges per resource usage)
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Customers use processing, storage, networking, and other computing resources from third-party providers called cloud service providers (CSPs) to run their information systems
