Dry room Thorax 1

Question 1

Which bones articulate with the manubrium at its superolateral angles?

Answer 1

Clavicle

Question 2

What is the name given to the notch formed by the superior border of the manubrium?

Answer 2

Jugular notch

Question 3

At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process located?

Answer 3

T10

Question 4

At what vertebral level is the sternomanubrial joint found?

Answer 4

T4/5

Question 5

Facets for 2nd costal cartilage. With which component parts of the sternum do these articulate?

Answer 5

Manubrium, sternal angle

Question 6

What articulates with tubercle of rib?

Answer 6

Transverse process of costal facet

Question 7

Which structures lie in the costal groove of the rib?

Answer 7

Intercostal vessels and nerve

Question 8

Which ribs are true ribs?

Answer 8

1-7

Question 9

Which ribs are false ribs?

Answer 9

8-10

Question 10

Which ribs are floating ribs?

Answer 10

11-12

Question 11

Which vessel lies anterior to the tubercle?

Answer 11

Subclavian vein

Question 12

Which vessel lies posterior to the tubercle?

Answer 12

Subclavian artery

Question 13

What shape is the body of a typical thoracic vertebra?

Answer 13

Heart shaped, curved along its length

Question 14

What are the meninges composed of?

Answer 14

Dura mater, Pia mater, Arachnoid

Question 15

What part of the rib articulates with the articular facet on the tip of the transverse process?

Answer 15

Tubercle

Question 16

Which ribs are most commonly fractured?

Answer 16

Ribs 5-10 are because they are more exposed and fixed.

- The ends of a fractured rib may then perforate the pleura resulting in a fractured rib.

Question 17

Which ribs/costal cartilages form the costal margin (subcostal angle)?

Answer 17

T7-10

Question 18

Which costal cartilages are directly attached to the sternum?

Answer 18

T1-6

Question 19

Which costal cartilages are indirectly attached to the sternum through attachment to preceding costal cartilages?

Answer 19

CC7-10

Question 20

Which muscle is primarily used for breathing in newborns?

Answer 20

The Diaphragm

Question 21

Between which two intercostal muscles is the neurovascular bundle located?

Answer 21

Internal and Innermost intercostal muscles

Question 22

From superior to inferior, which structures comprise the neurovascular bundle?

Answer 22

VAN - vein, artery, nerve.

Question 23

In which area of the rib is the neurovascular bundle located?

Answer 23

Costal groove

Question 24

Identify the tissue layers of the chest wall that a chest drain needle will transverse from superficial to deep

Answer 24

1. Skin
2. Superficial fascia
3. Deep fascia (surrounding the muscles)
4. External intercostal muscle
5. Lateral intercostal muscle
6. Innermost intercostal muscle
7. Parietal pleura of the lung
8. Pleural cavity
9. Visceral pleura (needle should not go through this layer)

Question 25

What type of cartilage (hyaline, fibro-, elastic) is found in the respiratory tract?

Answer 25

Hyaline

Question 26

What connective tissue fibre (collagen, elastin, reticulin) predominates in the respiratory tract?

Answer 26

Elastin

Question 27

What type of muscle fibre (skeletal, smooth) is found in the respiratory tract?

Answer 27

Smooth

Question 28

Name the two cell types found in the epithelial layer?

Answer 28

Goblet cells & columnar cells with cilia

Question 29

Epithelial layer - What is this type of epithelium called?

Answer 29

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 30

What tubular structure lies immediately posterior to the trachea?

Answer 30

Oesophagus

Question 31

What is the name given to the smooth muscle found in the posterior wall of the trachea?

Answer 31

Trachealis muscle

Question 32

What is the function of the posterior strip of smooth muscle found in the tracheal wall?

Answer 32

Contraction - reduces tracheal diameter