Cardio practical 3+4 dry room

Question 1

At which bony point does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Answer 1

Lateral border of 1st rib under subclavian

Question 2

In which area of the upper limb does the brachial artery branch into radial and ulnar arteries?

Answer 2

Cubital fossa

Question 3

Of the radial and ulnar arteries, which is the more superficial of the two?

Answer 3

Radial artery

Question 4

The femoral artery is a distal continuation of which artery?

Answer 4

External iliac

Question 5

Where does the popliteal artery branch into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries?

Answer 5

Popliteal fossa

Question 6

The dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of which tibial artery?

Answer 6

It is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery on the dorsum of the foot

Question 7

The posterior tibial artery enters the sole of the foot inferior to which malleolus of the ankle?

Answer 7

Medial malleolus

Question 8

Into which major vein does the great saphenous vein drain?

Answer 8

Femoral vein

Question 9

Into which major vein does the small saphenous vein drain?

Answer 9

Popliteal vein

Question 10

What are varicose veins?

Answer 10

Varicose veins are veins that have become enlarged and twisted.

• When veins become varicose, the leaflets of the valves no longer meet properly, and the valves do not work (valvular incompetence).
• This allows blood to flow backwards and they enlarge even more.
• Varicose veins are most common in the superficial veins of the legs.

Question 11

Where does the thoracic duct drain to?

Answer 11

It drains lymph from 3/4ths of the body to the medial end of the subclavian vein.

Question 12

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain to?

Answer 12

It drains the right upper quadrant (1/4th) to the medial end of the right subclavian vein.

Question 13

Where does the thoracic duct commence?

Answer 13

At vertebral level L1 as the cisterna chyli.
- It crosses the vertebral body of T4 from right to left and ascends to drain into the medial end of the left subclavian vein.

Question 14

What are the parietal lymph nodes of the thorax?

Answer 14

• Parasternal nodes: situated along the internal thoracic artery, receives lymphatics from the medial part of the breast, the intercostal spaces, the costal pleura, and the diaphragm.
• Phrenic nodes: are situated on the thoracic surface of the diaphragm. They receive lymphatics from the pericardium, diaphragm, and liver and drain into the parasternal nodes.
• Intercostal nodes: are found at the vertebral end of the intercostal spaces.

Question 15

What is the lymphatic drainage of the heart?

Answer 15

Lymph from heart wall drains to the right inferior tracheobronchial nodes and mediastinal (bronchopulmonary and paratracheal lymph nodes)