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H30A > Drugs2 > Flashcards

Drugs2 Flashcards

1
Q

*Be able to list the general function of the human body systems mentioned in the slides (circulatory system & nervous system)

A

Circulatory system: every time the heart squeezes, blood sent to the lungs, releasing Co2 and entering oxygen

Nervous system: sensory input (senses interpreting image) –> integration (brain processing) –> motor output (body performing action)

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2
Q

*Be able to explain the central nervous system and define the function of the brain, neurons, and information flow through the neurons.

A

Central nervous system: includes our brain and spinal cord

Peripheral: all the nerves that exit the spine

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3
Q

*Explain how neurotransmitters work in the nervous system

A

Neurotransmitters allow neurons to communicate and sends signals to each other through neurotransmitters

Dendrites: collects electrical signals
Cell body: integrates incoming signals and generates outgoing signal to axon
Axon: passes electrical signals to dendrites of another cell or to an effector cell

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4
Q

What does ADME stand for?

A

Absorption in stomach, distribution in blood, metabolism in liver, excretion in pee

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5
Q

Explain the relationship between drug concentration vs time.

A

Drug enters into the stomach → reaching a high peak → then declines through metabolism and excretion

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6
Q

*What is the therapeutic window?

A

It is a certain blood concentration for anything to occur

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7
Q

Why is grapefruit potentially dangerous?

A

Simvastatin gets metabolized in enzyme, but grapefruits inhibits enzyme

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8
Q

*What are similarities and differences with agonists and antagonists?

A

Agonists: bind to receptor + activates something
Antagonists: binds to receptor + stops/blocks something
Similarities: binds to a receptor

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9
Q

What does the dose-response curve look like?

A

The dose-response curve looks like an S shaped with low dose

More drugs will reflect a greater physiological response, but it will reach a point that levels off

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10
Q

What is meant by the affinity, potency, or efficacy of a drug?

A

Affinity is how well the drug binds to the target

Potency is the amount of drug necessary to elicit a response

Efficacy is the drug’s ability to produce the maximal response (how well it works)

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11
Q

Based on a the house what does each component represent? (i.e. mortar + window)

A

The house = the human body
Mortar = proteins between the cell
Window + door = extracellular tissue
Bricks = the cells

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12
Q

How many senses do we have?

A

21-22

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13
Q

What are the five senses?

A

Touch, sight, taste, hear, and smell

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14
Q

*What does the pancreas do?

A

It makes insulin

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15
Q

*What does the skeletal muscle do?

A

The skeletal muscle allows our bones to move and stand up

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16
Q

*What does the smooth muscle do?

A

Intestines that squeeze

17
Q

What does our liver do and what do pharmaceutical company do to drugs because of the liver?

A

The pharmaceutical will give double the dosage because the liver will destroy half of it

18
Q

What is the difference between a mouse and human brain? What is a pro for a human brain?

A

Mouse: smooth
Human: lumpy; more surface area to store info

19
Q

True or False - do we use only 10% of our brain?

A

False, the brain is composed of 10% neuron, the remaining are glial (support cells) and actual processing

20
Q

What is the function of glutamate & what % is utilized?

A

Glutamate is the primary neurotransmitter that tells our brain to do something

90% of neurotransmitters depend on this

21
Q

Why is the MSG myth of causing seizures false?

A

Our blood brain barrier protects brain from toxin and MSG can’t get through this –> not damaging our brain

22
Q

What is the function of GABA and what % is utilized?

A

The function of GABA (inhibitory) is to tell your brain to not do something

GABA is used 10% of the time

23
Q

What is the most important molecule in the world and why?

A

Dopamine because it makes us happy and drives us

24
Q

What is glycine?

A

Glycine is a muscle relaxant

25
Q

What is ACH?

A

ACH squeezes our muscles

26
Q

What is happening to the woman getting botox?

A

If a can is bulging, there is a protein

By modifying the protein, you can inject it into the brain with glycine stops ACH

This will allow the brain to no longer squeeze

Preventing wrinkles

27
Q

What is happening to the guy experiencing a tetanospasmin?

A

He can’t release glycine and only ACH, keep on staying stiff

There is an increase firing rate of motor neurons causing muscles to stiffen and spasm

28
Q

What is happening to the Asian guy?

A

The guy was responsible for a terrorist attack by releasing a gas

The gas would’ve caused a similar reaction of tetanospasmin

Releasing ACH - -> squeezing

29
Q

What is the importance of the white flower plant?

A

It is like glycine and is a muscle relaxant that stops your diaphragm

30
Q

What is the importance of the bed and what are the forms of lethal injection?

A

The bed is a form of capital punishment through lethal injection

Potassium chloride - Heart stop
Muscle relaxant to make the diaphragm stop squeezing
Barbiturate - will tell brain to stop sending signals to the diaphragm

31
Q

What are the various types of injections?

A

IV: The IV goes into your blood through your veins; heroin
Intramuscular: inject in muscle; COVID
Intradermal: under skin
Subcutaneous: fat
IP: only with animals in between organs

32
Q

Why are drugs water soluble?

A

Your drug is able to metabolize so it doesn’t enter your brain and only your blood then excretion so you can pee

33
Q

What is St John’s Wort used to treat?

A

Depression

34
Q

Is there such thing as a true antagonist?

A

There is no such thing as a true antagonist because it has some activity

35
Q

What does the dose-response curve for alcohol look like?

A

It looks s shaped, but it isn’t direct shaped

36
Q

What type of drugs cause a u-shaped dose response curve?

A

Vitamins and hormones cause a u-shaped dose response curve

37
Q

*What is typically a considered an unconscious sense?

A

Blood pressure

38
Q

*What is the concept of half life and potency?

A

Half life: is how long the opioid takes to leave the body

Potency: how strong the drugs is

H30A (14 decks)

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