DNA Exercise

Question 1

What does the central dogma consists of?

Answer 1

DNA → (TRANSCRIPTION) → mRNA → (TRANSLATION - makes proteins) → Polypeptide → Does work

Question 2

In DNA and RNA, how many nucleotides are there? How many amino acids can build proteins?

Answer 2

DNA - 4 nucleotides & 2 base pairs
RNA - 4 nucleotides
20 amino acids can build proteins

Question 3

In expanded DNA and expanded RNA, how many nucleotides are there? How many amino acids can build proteins?

Answer 3

Expanded DNA - 6 nucleotides + 3 base pairs
Expanded RNA - 6 nucleotides
172 amino acids can build proteins

Question 4

What is mRNA?

Answer 4

mRNA is the origin of life

Question 5

What are the four letters in DNA? What are the four letters in RNA?

Answer 5

ACGT & ACGU

Question 6

What are the nucleotide base pairs?

Answer 6

A = T ; G = C

Question 7

How do you read the direction of the DNA sequence?

Answer 7

Read the DNA sequence from 5’ to 3.’ If it is not that, then you need to translate it.

Question 8

How many chromosomes are in the human genome?

Answer 8

46

Question 9

How many types of RNA are in the cell?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

What is the primary function of the RNA in the cell?

Answer 10

creates proteins through translation

Question 11

Which of the following types of RNA is involved in the transport of amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Answer 11

Transfer RNA

Question 12

During which cellular process is mRNA synthesized?

Answer 12

Transcription

Question 13

Proteins are composed of which of the following building blocks?

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

What amino acid initiates protein synthesis

Answer 14

AUG (methionine)

Question 15

What is messenger RNA?

Answer 15

carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

Question 16

What is ribosomal RNA?

Answer 16

type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes

Question 17

What is transfer RNA?

Answer 17

type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Question 18

What is transcription?

Answer 18

Process where gene’s DNA sequence is copied to make RNA

Question 19

What is translation?

Answer 19

Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

Question 20

What are proteins?

Answer 20

A complex molecule consisting of amino acids to form a long chain

Question 21

What are the 3 RNA forms?

Answer 21

transfer + ribosomal + messenger