Drugs list Block 15

Question 1

Allopurinol

Answer 1

Inhibits enzyme xanthine oxidase to block conversion of purines to uric acid
Treats gout

Question 2

Diphenoxylate

Answer 2

Stimulates mu receptors in GI tract
Decreases peristalsis and constrict sphincters
Anti-diarrhoeal

Question 3

Loperamide

Answer 3

Calcium blocker and stimulate mu opioid receptors
Decrease peristalsis and increase water reabsorption
Anti-diarrhoel

Question 4

Kaolin

Answer 4

Form of aluminium silicate absorbs water to help make stool firmer
Anti-diarrhoeal

Question 5

Isphagula husk

Answer 5

Cant be broken down so adds more bulk to stool and absorbs water and increases peristalsis
Bulk forming laxative

Question 6

Lactulose

Answer 6

Synthetic sugar- broken down to lactic acid, brings more water into stool
Osmotic laxative

Question 7

Octreotide

Answer 7

Acts like somatostatin leads to adenyl cyclase inhibition and activation of Na/H exchanger
Treats diarrhoea linked with bowel cancer

Question 8

Bisacodyl

Answer 8

Cleans out colon for colonoscopy
Hydrolysed by intestinal brush border enzymes and bacteria to from active metabolite that acts on colonic mucosa to cause peristalsis
Stimulant laxative

Question 9

Docusate Sodium

Answer 9

Lowers surface tension of the stool to allow more water and fat in to soften it or stimulates water secretion on contact with mucosa
Occasional use as stimulant laxative

Question 10

Hydrocortisone

Answer 10

Induces lipocortin synthesis to prevent arachidonic acid synthesis
Glucocorticoid

Question 11

Betamethasone

Answer 11

Given with mineralocorticoid to manage adrenal insufficiency.
Synthetic glucocorticoid

Question 12

Beclomethasone

Answer 12

Synthetic halogenated glucocorticoid

Asthma and rhinitis

Question 13

Fludrocortisone

Answer 13

Binds through mineralocorticoid receptor to cause increase in ion and water transport, reduce K levels and increase ECF and blood pressure.
Synthetic adrenocortical steroid
Addisons disease