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FBMC CMA Prep (COPY) > Drugs for the Urinary System and Fluid Balance > Flashcards

Drugs for the Urinary System and Fluid Balance Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system? Excretion of waste products Production of adrenalin in response to stress Regulation of the amount of water Regulation of the pH balance
A

Production of adrenalin in response to stress The functions of the urinary system include excretion of wastes, regulation of the amount of water, and regulation of the pH balance.

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2
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes the functional unit of the kidney? Cortex Pelvis Nephron Collecting tubules
A

Nephron The medical term for the functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

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3
Q
  1. The ureter, the bladder, and the urethra are collectively termed the organs of: urination. micturition. elimination. collection.
A

elimination. The organs of elimination are the ureter, the bladder, and the urethra

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true? Urine contains 85 percent water and 15 percent solutes. Urine contains 75 percent water and 25 percent solutes. Urine contains 50 percent water and 50 percent solutes. Urine contains 95 percent water and 5 percent solutes.
A

Urine contains 95 percent water and 5 percent solutes. Urine contains 95 percent water and 5 percent solutes.

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5
Q
  1. The walls of the bladder in healthy adults are able to hold _________ mL of urine. 400 500 600 700
A

600 The walls of the bladder in healthy adults are able to stretch and hold as much as 600 mL of urine.

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6
Q
  1. In the male, the urethra is shared by the ______________ and _____________ systems. urinary;endocrine endocrine; reproductive reproductive; urinary urinary; circulatory
A

reproductive; urinary The reproductive and urinary systems share the male urethra.

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7
Q
  1. Normally, urine is amber- or straw-colored, and clear. When allowed to stand for a period of time, urine becomes: pale. cloudy. bright yellow. brown.
A

cloudy. When urine is allowed to stand, it becomes cloudy. Normally, it is straw-colored and clear.

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8
Q
  1. In a 24-hour period, the kidneys normally produce ___________ to __________ mL of urine. 250; 500 600; 750 1000; 1250 1500; 2000
A

1500; 2000 The kidneys produce 1500 to 2000 mL of urine in a 24-hour period.

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9
Q
  1. The bladder voids approximately ________ mL at a time. 50 100 250 600
A

250 The bladder normally voids approximately 250 mL of urine at one time.

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe the act of urination? Voiding Filtration Incontinence Irrigation
A

Voiding The medical term for urination is voiding.

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following terms means blood in the urine? Hematuria Dysuria Pyuria Oliguria
A

Hematuria The medical term for blood in the urine is hematuria.

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following terms means pus in the urine? Hematuria Dysuria Pyuria Oliguria
A

Pyuria The medical term for pus in the urine is pyuria.

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions may be indicated by the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) in the urine? Renal disease Infection Diabetes mellitus Dehydration
A

Infection WBCs in the urine may indicate an infection.

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe the inability to completely empty the bladder? Anuria Incontinence Retention Oliguria
A

Retention Retention is the inability to urinate even though urine is present in the bladder.

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes the inability to control urination? Anuria Incontinence Retention Oliguria
A

Incontinence Incontinence is the inability to control urination

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes having to urinate very often? Oliguria Frequency Urgency Incontinence
A

Frequency Frequency refers to the need to urinate more often than usual.

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17
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes feeling a great urge to urinate even when the bladder is empty? Oliguria Frequency Urgency Incontinence
A

Urgency Urgency refers to feeling the need to urinate immediately.

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18
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes difficult or painful urination? Dialysis Dysuria Cystitis Pyuria
A

Dysuria The medical term for painful urination is dysuria

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes decreased urine output of 100 to 400 mL in a 24-hour period? Oliguria Anuria Dysuria Nocturia
A

Oliguria Oliguria is the medical term for decreased urine output of 100 to 400 mL in a 24-hour period.

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20
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes urine production measuring less than 100 mL in 24 hours? Oliguria Anuria Dysuria Nocturia
A

Anuria The medical term for no measurable production of urine, or less than 100 mL in 24 hours, is anuria.

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21
Q
  1. Women should be instructed to wipe from front to back to prevent which of the following conditions? Ureteritis Kidney stones Urinary tract infection (UTI) Alkalosis
A

Urinary tract infection (UTI) Instruct a female patient to wipe from front to back to avoid contaminating the urinary tract with stool. This prevents UTIs.

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22
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes an infection of the kidneys? Nephritis Pyelonephritis Cystitis Urethritis
A

Pyelonephritis The medical term for kidney infection is pyelonephritis.

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23
Q
  1. A kidney that does not work properly fails to eliminate drugs as expected, and the drugs accumulate in the body with each dose; therefore, the patient must be watched closely for drug ______________whenever there is suspected problems with the kidneys. side effects antagonism adverse reactions toxicity
A

toxicity A kidney that does not work properly fails to eliminate drugs as expected, and the drugs accumulate in the body with each dose; therefore, the patient must be watched for closely for drug toxicity whenever there is suspected problems with the kidneys.

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24
Q
  1. Which of the following describes the percentage of water in the body of an average adult? 20-30 percent 40-50 percent 50-60 percent 70-80 percent
A

50-60 percent The body of an average adult contains 50-60 percent water.

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25
Q
  1. When the kidneys are diseased, the body may not be able to maintain a balance between intake and output, and it is sometimes necessary to keep track of the intake and output of: medications. foods. fluids. electrolytes.
A

fluids. When the kidneys are diseased, the body may not be able to maintain a balance between intake and output, and it is sometimes necessary to keep track of fluid intake and output.

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26
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes an abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interstitial spaces of the tissues? Edema Cystitis Diaphoresis Irrigation
A

Edema The abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interstitial spaces of the tissues is called edema.

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27
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes excessive loss of water from the tissues? Oliguria Acidosis Dehydration Urgency
A

Dehydration Dehydration results from an excessive loss of water from the tissues.

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28
Q
  1. Which of the following may be prescribed for a vomiting patient who loses too much water? Diuretics IV fluids Benadryl S odium bicarbonate
A

IV fluids Vomiting patients who lose too much water may need IV fluids.

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29
Q
  1. Which of the following may be prescribed for a patient with edema to make the kidneys excrete more urine? Diuretics IV fluids Benadryl Sodium bicarbonate
A

Diuretics A diuretic may be prescribed for a patient with edema to make the kidneys excrete more urine.

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30
Q
  1. Which of the following describes a scale for measuring acidity and alkalinity of fluid? pH ABO Metric Kelvin
A

pH pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

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31
Q
  1. Which of the following may be a side effect of medications given for urinary tract infections? Hypertension Pyuria Urine discoloration Dysuria
A

Urine discoloration A side effect of a medication may cause the urine to discolor the urine and stain clothing. It is important to tell patients it is normal and no reason for concern. Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) is a urinary analgesic that may discolor the urine.

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32
Q
  1. Which of the following is a side effect of some thiazides? Potassium loss Calcium loss Magnesium loss Iron loss
A

Potassium loss Thiazides act primarily by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubules of the nephron. When the increased sodium is present in digital tubules, there is a corresponding increase in potassium excretion

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33
Q
  1. Which of the following is a side effect of too low a level of potassium resulting in fatigue, muscle weakness, and cardiac changes such as disturbances in the electrical impulses that stimulate the heartbeat? Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hyponatremia Hypernatremia
A

Hypokalemia Hypokalemia or low potassium is a side effect of diuretic therapy. Other side effects are fatigue, muscle weakness, and cardiac changes such as disturbances in the electrical impulses that stimulate the heartbeat.

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34
Q
  1. Which of the following can be replaced by eating a diet rich in potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium? Fluids Nutrients Electrolytes Vitamins
A

Electrolytes Electrolytes may be replaced by eating a diet rich in potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium.

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35
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions may have symptoms that include swollen arms and legs and, possibly, a swollen abdomen? Hypokalemia Edema Anemia Nephritis
A

Edema Edema may have symptoms that include swollen arms and legs and, possibly, a swollen abdomen. Edema is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the interstitial space of tissues.

36
Q
  1. Nutrient-based solutions such as Pedialyte, Lytren, Ricelyte, and Resol are used in which of the following types of therapies? Oral rehydration therapy IV rehydration therapy Parenteral rehydration therapy Percutaneous rehydration therapy
A

Oral rehydration therapy Nutrient-based solutions such as Pedialyte, Lytren, Ricelyte, and Resol are the most frequently used solutions for oral rehydration.

37
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the management of pediatric dehydration? Avoid a clear liquid intake. Avoid beverages containing caffeine. Avoid broths. Avoid low-sodium, water, breast milk, and half-strength or lactose-free formulas.
A

Avoid low-sodium, water, breast milk, and half-strength or lactose-free formulas. To correctly manage pediatric dehydration, the patient should be educated to avoid clear liquid intake. These fluids have high carbohydrate content but are very low in electrolytes. Avoid beverages containing caffeine because caffeine has a diuretic effect. Avoid broths because they are high in sodium and have adequate carbohydrate content.

38
Q
  1. Protein in the urine may be an indication of which of the following? Renal disease Infection Diabetes Trauma
A

Renal disease Protein in the urine when performing a urinalysis may indicate renal disease.

39
Q
  1. Tolterodine (Detrol) is the drug of choice for which of the following conditions? Pyelonephritis Overactive bladder Urinary tract infection Edema
A

Overactive bladder Tolterodine (Detrol) is the drug of choice in the treatment of an overactive bladder.

40
Q
  1. Which of the following imbalances may occur secondary to kidney malfunction, improper diets, or unusual physical activity? Fluid-electrolyte Acid-base Input-output Hypotension-hypertension .
A

Fluid-electrolyte Fluid and electrolyte imbalance may occur secondary to kidney malfunction, improper diets, or unusual physical activity

41
Q
  1. Slow-K and calcium gluconate are examples of which of the following? Antibiotics Diuretics Replacement electrolytes Antiseptics
A

Replacement electrolytes Slow-K and calcium gluconate are examples of replacement electrolytes.

42
Q
  1. Furosemide (Lasix) is an example of which of the following? Antiseptic Diuretic Replacement electrolyte Acidifier
A

Diuretic Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic.

43
Q
  1. Sodium chloride and dextrose solutions are examples of which of the following? Replacement fluids Diuretics Urinary antiseptics Alkalizers
A

Replacement fluids Dextrose solutions and sodium chloride are examples of replacement fluids.

44
Q
  1. Nausea, thirst, fatigue, dry mouth, muscle weakness, and an irregular pulse are signs of which of the following conditions? Electrolyte imbalance Kidney disease Diabetes Acid/base imbalance
A

Electrolyte imbalance Nausea, thirst, fatigue, dry mouth, muscle weakness, and an irregular pulse are signs of electrolyte imbalance.

45
Q
  1. The washing out of a structure with a solution is termed _______________.
A

irrigation Explanation: Irrigation is the term for flushing out with a solution.

46
Q
  1. The main waste product contained in urine is ___________.
A

urea Explanation: Urea is the main waste product in urine.

47
Q
  1. ___________________ is a state of equilibrium of the body’s internal environment, as with body fluids.
A

Homeostasis Explanation: Homeostasis is the state of equilibrium of the body’s internal environment, as with body fluids.

48
Q
  1. The three main functions of the urinary system are excreting, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating __________ balance.
A

pH Explanation: The three main functions of the urinary system are excreting, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating pH balance.

49
Q
  1. The functional unit of the kidney is the _____________.
A

nephron Explanation: The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

50
Q
  1. The three main functions of the urinary system are carried out through the process of _____________ the blood.
A

filtering Explanation: The three main functions of the urinary system are carried out through the process of filtering the blood.

51
Q
  1. The fluid that is formed in the kidneys and flows through the ureters to the bladder is __________.
A

urine Explanation: Urine is the fluid formed in the kidneys that flows through the ureters to the bladder.

52
Q
  1. The muscular walls of the bladder are able to stretch out and hold as much as _______ mL of urine.
A

600 Explanation: The muscular walls of the bladder are able to stretch out and hold as much as 600 mL of urine.

53
Q
  1. When the bladder contains about 250 mL of urine, nerve endings signal and create the need to urinate or _________.
A

void Explanation: Voiding is the act of urination. This usually happens when the bladder contains about 250 mL of urine.

54
Q
  1. During urination, urine passes out of the body by way of the _____________.
A

urethra Explanation: The urethra is the tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body. Urine passes through the urethra during urination.

55
Q
  1. The male urethra is shared by the urinary and ________________ systems.
A

reproductive Explanation: The male urethra is shared by the urinary and reproductive systems.

56
Q
  1. Urine is 90 to 95 percent ___________ and 5 to 10 percent _________ products.
A

water, waste Explanation: Urine is 90 to 95 percent water and 5 to 10 percent waste products.

57
Q
  1. The bladder voids approximately ________ mL of urine at a time.
A

250 Explanation: The bladder voids approximately 250 mL of urine at a time.

58
Q
  1. The kidneys produce about __________ to ______ mL of urine in a 24-hour period.
A

1500; 2000 Explanation: The kidneys produce about 1500 to 2000 mL of urine in a 24-hour period.

59
Q
  1. Cloudy or foamy urine may alert the physician to possible renal disease or _____________.
A

infection Explanation: Cloudy or foamy urine may alert the physician to possible renal disease or infection.

60
Q
  1. When patients cannot empty the bladder on their own, a(n) ____________ may be passed through the urethra into the bladder to allow the bladder to empty.
A

catheter Explanation: When patients cannot empty the bladder on their own, a catheter may be passed through the urethra into the bladder to allow the bladder to empty.

61
Q
  1. Blood in the urine is termed _____________.
A

hematuria Explanation: The medical term for blood in the urine is hematuria.

62
Q
  1. Pus is the urine is termed _____________.
A

pyuria Explanation: The medical term for pus in the urine is pyuria.

63
Q
  1. Diabetes mellitus may be suspected if the patient presents with __________ in the urine upon urinalysis.
A

glucose Explanation: Diabetes mellitus may be suspected if the patient presents with glucose in the urine. Glucose in the urine is not normal.

64
Q
  1. Inability to completely empty the bladder is called _____________.
A

retention Explanation: Retention is the inability to completely empty the bladder even though urine is in the bladder.

65
Q
  1. Urine remaining in the bladder after voiding (volumes of 100 mL or more) is called _____________________.
A

residual urine Explanation: Residual urine is urine remaining in the bladder after voiding (volumes of 100 mL or more).

66
Q
  1. Inability to control urination is known as _________________.
A

incontinence Explanation: The inability to control urination is called incontinence.

67
Q
  1. Having to urinate very often is termed _______________.
A

frequency Explanation: Frequency refers to the need to urinate more often than normal.

68
Q
  1. Difficult or painful urination is termed _____________.
A

dysuria Explanation: The medical term for difficult or painful urination is called dysuria.

69
Q
  1. A decreased urine output of 100 to 400 mL in a 24-hour period is termed ____________.
A

oliguria Explanation: A decreased urine output of 100 to 400 mL in a 24-period is called oliguria.

70
Q
  1. Inflammation of the bladder is termed _______________.
A

cystitis Explanation: Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection.

71
Q
  1. Urge incontinence is also called _______________________.
A

overactive bladder Explanation: Urge incontinence is also called overactive bladder. It is caused by uncontrolled contraction or overactivity of the detrusor muscle.

72
Q
  1. Patients with renal failure often undergo ________________ which is a technique used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances and remove waste products.
A

dialysis Explanation: Dialysis is a technique used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances and remove waste products in the case of renal failure.

73
Q
  1. A patient with impaired renal function should be watched closely for signs of drug _________, because kidneys that do not work properly fail to eliminate drugs as expected, and the drugs build up (accumulate) in the body with each dose.
A

toxicity Explanation: A patient with impaired renal function should be watched closely for signs of drug toxicity, because kidneys that do not work properly fail to eliminate drugs as expected, and the drugs build up (accumulate) in the body with each dose.

74
Q
  1. If water taken in by the body exceeds water lost, an abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interstitial spaces of the tissues, or ___________, occurs.
A

edema Explanation: The accumulation of fluids in the interstitial spaces of the tissues is called edema.

75
Q
  1. An excessive loss of water from the tissues is termed ________________.
A

dehydration Explanation: Excessive loss of water from the tissues is called dehydration.

76
Q
  1. A patient with edema may need a(n) ___________ to make the kidneys excrete more fluid.
A

diuretic Explanation: A patient with edema may need a diuretic, a drug that reduces the body’s fluid volume by stimulating urine flow.

77
Q
  1. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides are used to treat urinary tract ___________.
A

infections Explanation: Penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides are used to treat urinary tract infections.

78
Q

100.Patients taking Pyridium, an analgesic given to relive the low back pain that accompanies a UTI, should be warned that their urine may become __________.

A

orange Explanation: Instruct patients taking phenazopyridine (Pyridium), an analgesic given to relieve low back pain that accompanies a UTI, that the urine will turn orange. This discoloration is normal.

79
Q

101.Patients on some diuretic therapies may lose not only excess water from the body but also ________________, resulting in hypokalemia.

A

potassium Explanation: Hypokalemia is low blood potassium level, less than 3.5 mEq/L. It may result from taking some diuretics and losing excess water from the body.

80
Q

103.The administration of diuretics must be timed to avoid _______________ urination or excessive voiding at night.

A

nocturnal Explanation: The administration of diuretics must be timed to avoid keeping the patient up at night going to the bathroom.

81
Q

104.A patient with symptoms that include nausea, thirst, fatigue, dry mouth, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, and irregular pulse may be experiencing hypokalemia or low _____________ level.

A

potassium Explanation: Symptoms of hypokalemia or low potassium may include nausea, thirst, fatigue, dry mouth, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, and irregular pulse.

82
Q

105.Nutrient-based solutions such as Pedialyte, Lytren, and Ricelyte are the most frequently used solutions for _______ rehydration.

A

oral Explanation: Nutrient-based solutions such as Pedialyte, Lytren, and Ricelyte are the most frequently used solutions for oral rehydration.

83
Q

109.Bladder infections are frequently accompanied by _____________________ or _____________________ on urination.

A

pain; burning Explanation: Bladder infections are frequently accompanied by pain or burning sensation on urination.

84
Q

110.Tolterodine (Detrol) is the drug of choice for _____________ ________________.

A

overactive bladder Explanation: The drug of choice for overactive bladder is tolterodine (Detrol). It works as a muscarine receptor antagonist in the bladder to cause increased bladder control.

85
Q

112.When the kidneys do not receive enough blood, as in the case of congestive heart failure, ____________________ occurs.

A

edema Explanation: When the kidneys do not receive enough blood, as in the case of congestive heart failure, edema occurs. Diseases in other parts of the body may slow the work of the kidneys, even though the kidneys themselves are not damaged.

86
Q

114.When acid urine is needed to enhance the action of a drug, _______________________ or ____________________________ may be given.

A

cranberry juice; ascorbic acid Explanation: Acidfiers such as cranberry juice or ascorbic acid (vitamin C) may be given to increase an acid pH in the urine and enhance the action of certain drugs.

FBMC CMA Prep (COPY) (16 decks)

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