Drugs for the Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
1
Q
- Which structure performs the mechanical action of breaking up food into smaller pieces?
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
A
Mouth
The mouth and its accessory parts (tongue and teeth) perform the mechanical action of breaking up food into smaller pieces.
2
Q
- Which term describes the rhythmic contractions of the lining of the GI tract to push food along the passageway?
Defecation
Eructation
Peristalsis
Intestinal motility
A
Peristalsis
Peristalsis describes the rhythmic contractions of the lining of the GI tract to push food along the passageway.
3
Q
- Which term describes chemical substances that aid digestion and are secreted by the glands in the mouth, the lining of the stomach, and from the accessory organs?
Electrolytes
Enzymes
Hormones
Bile
A
Enzymes
Enzymes are chemical substances that aid digestion and are secreted by the glands in the mouth, the lining of the stomach, and from the accessory organs.
4
Q
- Which structure works to absorb nutrients into the bloodstream during the digestive process?
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Pancreas
A
Small intestine
Much of the digestive process occurs in the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream
5
Q
- Which structure prepares undigested substances for elimination from the body?
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Pancreas
A
Large intestine
The large intestine prepares undigested substances for elimination from the body.
6
Q
- Which is NOT a function of saliva?
To dissolve food
To coat food for easy swallowing
To begin to act on carbohydrates
To signal the esophagus to begin peristalsis
A
To signal the esophagus to begin peristalsis
The functions of saliva are to dissolve food, coat food for easy swallowing, and begin to act on carbohydrates to turn into sugars.
7
Q
- Which condition occurs if the stomach is irritated and peristalsis takes place in the opposite direction?
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Eructation
Flatulence
A
Vomiting
Vomiting occurs if the stomach is irritated and peristalsis takes place in the opposite direction.
8
Q
- Which term is used to describe food mixed with stomach secretions?
Bolus
Bile
Chyme
Stool
A
Chyme
Chyme is the term used to describe food mixed with stomach secretions.
9
Q
- Which structure receives food directly from the stomach, where it is mixed with strong digestive juices from the liver and pancreas?
Duodenum
Ileum
Jejunum
Gallbladder
A
Duodenum
The duodenum receives food directly from the stomach, where it is mixed with strong digestive juices from the liver and pancreas.
10
Q
- Which term describes small, fingerlike projections of the small intestinal lining that provide a large surface area for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream?
Cilia
Flagella
Fimbriae
Villi
A
Villi
Villi are small, fingerlike projections of the small intestinal lining that provide a large surface area for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
11
Q
- Which substance is secreted from the liver and aids in digesting fats?
Bile
Saliva
Insulin
Histamine
A
Bile
Bile is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder and aids in digesting fats.
12
Q
- Stress can affect digestion because peristalsis and secretion of digestive enzymes are under the control of the _________________ nervous system.
central
peripheral
autonomic
afferent
A
autonomic
Stress can affect digestion because peristalsis and secretion of digestive enzymes are under the control of the autonomic nervous system.
13
Q
13. Which term means indigestion? Hyperacidity Dyspepsia Eructation Flatulence
A
Dyspepsia
The medical term for indigestion is dyspepsia.
14
Q
- Which term refers to the result of muscle spasms in the walls of the stomach and intestines?
Hiccups
Flatulence
Peristalsis
Cramps
A
Cramps
Cramps are the result of muscle spasms in the walls of the stomach and intestines.
15
Q
- Which term describes the failure to have regular bowel movements?
Diarrhea
Emesis
Constipation
Defecation
A
Constipation
The term for failing to have regular bowel movements is constipation.
16
Q
- Lazy bowel syndrome can be the result of the overuse of which category of medication?
laxatives.
antidiarrheals.
antacids.
digestants.
.
A
laxatives.
Overuse of laxatives may result in lazy bowel syndrome
17
Q
- Which term can be used to describe the passing of loose, watery stools, or passing stools too often?
Constipation
Eructation
Diarrhea
Emesis
A
Diarrhea
The term which can be used to describe passing loose, watery stools, or passing stools too often is diarrhea.
18
Q
- To which does the term intestinal motility refer?
Speed of peristalsis Force of peristalsis Regularity of peristalsis Absence of peristalsis Speed of peristalsis is the term referring to intestinal motility.
A
Speed of peristalsis
Speed of peristalsis is the term referring to intestinal motility.
19
Q
- Because the treatment of abdominal pain with an analgesic may delay discovery of a serious condition, it is important not to give medications until a search has been made for the _________ of the pain.
intensity
cause
quality
timing
A
cause
It is important not to treat abdominal pain with an analgesic until a search for the underlying cause has been made. The analgesic may delay discovery of a serious condition such as appendicitis.
20
Q
- Which term describes having difficulty swallowing?
Stomatitis
Dysphagia
Dyspepsia
Gastritis
A
Dysphagia
The medical term for having difficulty swallowing is dysphagia.
21
Q
- Which instrument can be used to visually examine the walls of the stomach, intestine, or rectum?
Gastroscope
Endoscope
Sigmoidoscope
Proctoscope
A
Endoscope
An endoscope can be used to visualize the walls of the stomach, intestine, or rectum.
22
Q
- Which condition could cause patients to avoid hard-to-chew fibrous foods that would help keep their bowel movements regular?
Peptic ulcer disease
Gastritis
Tooth and gum disorders
Crohn’s disease
A
Tooth and gum disorders
Tooth and gum disorders may cause patients to avoid hard-to-chew fibrous foods that would help keep their bowel movements regular.
23
Q
- Which condition could result from the normal use of irritants such as coffee, alcohol, and tobacco?
Hepatitis
Peptic ulcer disease
Stomatitis
Gastritis
A
Gastritis
Irritants such as coffee, alcohol, and tobacco may result in gastritis.
24
Q
- Which condition is caused by the excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
Ulcerative colitis
A
Peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease is caused by the excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
25
25. Which category of drugs neutralize HCl in the stomach?
Anticholinergics
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists
Antacids
Astringents
Antacids
Antacids neutralize HCl in the stomach.
26
26. Which category of drugs inhibit gastric acid secretion?
Antacids
Antispasmodics
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists
Antiemetics
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists are drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretions.
27
27. Which term is used to describe a yellowing of the skin that is a symptom of liver disease?
```
Cirrhosis
Melanosis
Jaundice
Dermatitis
.
```
Jaundice
The medical term for yellowing of the skin is jaundice
28
28. Which term is used to describe a chronic, progressive disease of the liver characterized by degeneration and destruction of liver cells?
Jaundice
Crohn's disease
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive disease of the liver characterized by degeneration and destruction of liver cells.
29
29. Which virus is of great concern to the healthcare worker because it is blood-borne and may occur through accidental needlesticks?
Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Hepatitis D virus (HDV)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is of great concern to healthcare workers because it is blood-borne and may occur through accidental needlesticks.
30
30. Hepatitis A and hepatitis B may be prevented through the use of:
medications.
vaccines.
Low-risk sexual behavior.
high-calorie, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.
vaccines.
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B can be prevented through the use of vaccines.
31
31. Which condition could present with symptoms such as fever, vomiting, jaundice, and pain in the upper right quadrant?
Hepatitis
Crohn's disease
Gallbladder disease
Ulcerative colitis
Gallbladder disease
Gallbladder disease symptoms include fever, vomiting, jaundice and pain in the upper right quadrant.
32
32. Which category of drug aids in digestion by replacing digestive enzymes that are missing due to diseases such as stomach cancer, pernicious anemia, or pancreatitis?
Antispasmodic
Digestant
Anticholinergic
Antiemetic
Digestant
A digestant is a drug that aids in digestion by replacing digestive enzymes that are missing due to diseases such as stomach cancer, pernicious anemia, or pancreatitis.
33
33. Which condition is a disease of the colon and rectum characterized by inflammation and ulceration with alternating periods of remissions and exacerbations?
Crohn's disease
Peritonitis
Ulcerative colitis
Irritable bowel syndrome
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a disease of the colon and rectum characterized by inflammation and ulceration with alternating periods of remissions and exacerbations.
34
34. Which condition may present with symptoms that may range from 1 to 2 semisoft stools with small amounts of blood to 10 to 20 bloody stools per day?
Crohn's disease
Peritonitis
Ulcerative colitis
Irritable bowel syndrome
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis may present with 1 to 2 semisoft stools with small amounts of blood to 10 to 20 bloody stools per day.
35
35. Which condition is a chronic, nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology that can affect any portion of the GI tract from mouth to anus, but that generally affects the terminal ileum, jejunum, and colon?
Crohn's disease
Peritonitis
Ulcerative colitis
Irritable bowel syndrome
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology that can affect any portion of the GI tract from mouth to anus, but that generally affects the terminal ileum, jejunum, and colon.
36
36. Which condition presents with multiple pouches in the walls of the intestine?
Peritonitis
Diverticulosis
Crohn's disease
Hemorrhoids+
Diverticulosis
In diverticulosis multiple pouches (diverticula) develop in the walls of the large intestine.
37
37. Which condition is caused by straining during bowel movements; heavy lifting; and prolonged sitting and standing?
irritable bowel syndrome.
diverticulosis.
hemorrhoids.
tumors.
hemorrhoids.
A patient can prevent hemorrhoids by not straining during bowel movements and by avoiding heavy lifting and prolonged sitting and standing.
38
38. Which term is used to describe small outgrowths on the inside of the large intestine, most often in the rectum or sigmoid colon?
Polyps
Diverticula
Villi
Ulcer
Polyps
Polyps are small outgrowths on the inside of the large intestine, most often in the rectum or sigmoid colon.
39
39. Tagamet, Zantac, Pepcid, and Axid are examples of which type of drugs?
antacids.
histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
anticholinergics.
digestants.
histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
Examples of histamine H2-receptor antagonists include Tagamet, Zantac, Pepcid, and Axid
40
40. Prilosec, Prevacid, Nexium, and Protonix are examples of which type of drugs?
antacids.
proton pump inhibitors.
histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
anticholinergics.
proton pump inhibitors.
Examples of proton pump inhibitors are Prilosec, Prevacid, Nexium, and Protonix. They block the final step of acid production and are used in active ulcer disease.
41
41. Which type of drug helps to reduce the gas in the stomach and intestines that accompanies indigestion?
Anticholinergics
Antiemetics
Antiflatulents
Antispasmodics
Antiflatulents
Antiflatulents are drugs that relieve gas and bloating in the stomach and intestines as a result of indigestion.
42
42. Which drug is an example of an emetic, a type of drug that produces vomiting in cases of poisoning?
Syrup of ipecac
Dramamine
Compazine
Spasmodic
Syrup of ipecac
Syrup of ipecac may be kept locked up for accidental swallowing of pills, plant leaves, and noncaustic cleaning substances.
43
43. Which type of drug suppresses nausea and vomiting by acting on the brain's control center to stop nerve impulses?
Anticholinergics
Antiemetics
Anthelmintics
Astringents
Antiemetics
Antiemetics are drugs that prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.
44
44. Which statement is NOT a mechanism of action of antidiarrheals?
Absorb bacteria and toxins that cause diarrhea
Inhibit intestinal motility
Coat the walls of the GI tract
Depress the action of the villi in the small intestine
Depress the action of the villi in the small intestine
Mechanisms of action for antidiarrheals include absorbing bacteria and toxins that cause diarrhea, inhibiting intestinal motility, and coating the walls of the GI tract.
45
45. Which type of drug promotes defecation?
Emetics
Digestives
Laxatives
Astringents
Laxatives
Defecation is promoted by drugs called laxatives.
46
46. An example of a beverage that acts as a stimulant and increases peristalsis in the intestines to push fecal material through faster is:
grape juice.
coffee.
green tea.
milk.
coffee.
Coffee acts as a stimulant and increases peristalsis in the intestines to push fecal material through faster. Other beverages such as prune juice also act as a stimulant.
47
47. Bulk-forming (high-fiber) laxatives should be taken with plenty of ______________ to prevent constipation and possible fecal impaction.
food
exercise
water
rest
water
Bulk-forming (high-fiber) laxatives should be taken with plenty of water to prevent constipation and possible fecal impaction.
48
48. Which category of drugs is given for an intestinal infestation of worms?
Antiemetic
Anticholinergic
Astringent
Antihelmintic
Antihelmintic
Anthelmintics are drugs given for an intestinal infestation of worms because they eliminate intestinal parasites.
49
49. Which side effect is caused by some weight-loss medications?
Loss of fat-soluble vitamins
Hypotension
Blood in the stool
Stomatitis
Loss of fat-soluble vitamins
Loss of fat-soluble vitamins is a side effect of some weight-loss medications.
50
50. Permanent bowel and bone damage and electrolyte imbalances may result from:
emetic abuse.
laxative abuse.
abuse of weight-loss drugs.
antacid abuse.
laxative abuse.
Permanent bowel and bone damage and electrolyte imbalances may result from laxative abuse.
51
51. Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate, and Imodium are examples of which category of drugs?
antidiarrheals.
laxatives.
emetics.
antiseptics.
antidiarrheals.
Antidiarrheals include Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate, and Imodium.
52
52. Metamucil, Dulcolax, Correctol, and Senokot are examples of which category of drugs?
antidiarrheals.
laxatives.
emetics.
antiseptics.
laxatives.
Drugs that have a laxative action are Metamucil, Dulcolax, Correctol, and Senokot.
53
53. Physical measures like eating a high-fiber diet, drinking 1500 to 2000 mL of fluids daily, and increasing physical activity are used in combination with drug therapy to treat:
diarrhea.
helminthiasis.
vomiting.
constipation.
constipation.
When a patient presents with constipation, encourage the patient to eat a high-fiber diet, drink 1500 to 2000 mL of fluids daily, and increase physical activity in combination with drug therapy.
54
54. Physical measures like following a bland diet and eliminating substances such as tobacco, coffee, and alcohol should be used in combination with drug therapy to treat which condition?
diarrhea.
ulcers.
vomiting.
constipation.
ulcers.
Ulcers may be decreased by following a bland diet and eliminating substances such as tobacco, coffee, and alcohol in combination with drug therapy.
55
55. Which category of medication should be given before, during, or after meals to be effective?
suppositories
digestive medications
antiemtics
laxatives
digestive medications
Digestive medications must be given before meals (a.c), during meals, or after meals (p.c.).
56
56. Which may be ordered if a patient is unconscious or cannot take oral medication, or is nauseated, has a fever, or is in pain?
Astringent
Endoscope
Suppository
Gastrostomy tube
Suppository
A suppository may be ordered when a patient is unconscious or cannot take oral medication, or is nauseated, has a fever, or is in pain.
57
57. Which medication should never be crushed when administering medication through a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube?
Buccal or sublingual tablets
Time-release capsule
Enteric-coated tablets
All answers are correct
All answers are correct
Buccal or sublingual tablets, time-release capsules, or enteric-coated tablets should never be crushed when administering medication through a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube.
58
58. Which term describes a surgically produced opening in the stomach or the abdomen?
Gastrostomy
Laparorrhaphy
Stoma
Enterostomy
Stoma
A stoma is a surgically produced opening in the stomach or the abdomen.
59
59. Which type of tube is inserted through the nose and down the esophagus into the stomach that is used for the administration of medications?
Gastrostomy tube
Nasogastric tube
Esophagostomy tube
Endotracheal tube
Nasogastric tube
A nasogastric tube is inserted through the nose and down the esophagus into the stomach for the administration of medications.
60
60. Studies have shown that four times as much Prilosec accumulates in the blood of which of the following ethnic groups?
Caucasians
African Americans
Asian Americans
Latinos
Asian Americans
Studies have shown that four times as much Prilosec accumulates in the blood in Asian Americans
61
61. What is the intended action of laxatives?
Promote a bowel movement
Decrease intestinal motility
Treat abdominal pain
Decrease secretion of gastric acid
Promote a bowel movement
The action of laxatives is to promote a bowel movement.
62
62. Which microorganism is a cause of peptic ulcer disease?
Helicobacter pylori
E. coli
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Helicobacter pylori
The microorganism Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcer disease.
63
63. Rest, a high-fiber diet, antibiotics, and a bulk laxative such as Metamucil are used to treat which condition?
Crohn's disease
Diverticulosis
Hemorrhoids
Diarrhea
Diverticulosis
Rest, a high-fiber diet, antibiotics, and a bulk laxative such as Metamucil are used to treat diverticulosis.
64
64. Maalox, Mylanta, and Gelusilare examples of which type of medications?
Antacids
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists
Emetics
Antiemetics
Antacids
Examples of antacids are Maalox, Mylanta, and Gelusil.
65
65. Motion sickness, morning sickness, and nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy can be treated with category of medications?
Antiemetics
Anticholinergics
Proton pump inhibitors
Antacids
Antiemetics
Motion sickness, morning sickness, and nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy can be treated with antiemetics.
66
66. Which medication is an example of an antidiarrheal?
Imodium
Metamucil
Colace
Dulcolax
Imodium
An example of an antidiarrheal is Imodium.
67
67. The digestive tract or alimentary canal is also known as the _____________________ tract.
gastrointestinal
Explanation: The digestive tract or alimentary canal is also known as the gastrointestinal tract.
68
68. Rhythmic contractions of the lining of the GI tract push food along this passageway; these muscle movements are called __________________.
peristalsis
Explanation: Peristalsis is the rhythmic contractions of the lining of the GI tract that push food along this passageway.
69
69. Glands in the mouth and lining of the stomach, and the accessory organs all secrete ____________, which are chemical substances that aid digestion.
enzymes
Explanation: Glands in the mouth and lining of the stomach, and the accessory organs all secrete enzymes, which are chemical substances that aid digestion.
70
70. After being broken down into its smallest parts, food is _______________ from the small intestine into the bloodstream.
absorbed
Explanation: Food is absorbed from the small intestine into the bloodstream after being broken down into its smallest parts.
71
71. Undigested substances, like plant fibers, are not absorbed into the blood but pass into the large intestine. The large intestine prepares these substances for ________________ from the body.
elimination
Explanation: Undigested substances, like plant fibers, are not absorbed into the blood but pass into the large intestine. The large intestine prepares these substances for elimination from the body.
72
72. Even before chewing begins, the salivary glands start to produce a fluid called _____________.
saliva
Explanation: Saliva contains enzymes that work to break down food. The salivary glands are stimulated to produce saliva even before chewing begins.
73
73. When the stomach is irritated, peristalsis may take place in the opposite direction, and _____________ will probably result.
vomiting
Explanation: When the stomach is irritated, peristalsis may take place in the opposite direction, and vomiting may result.
74
74. When a person swallows, the food passes into the __________________, the part of the GI tract that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
esophagus
Explanation: When a person swallows, the food passes into the esophagus, the part of the GI tract that extends from the pharynx into the stomach.
75
75. Stomach acid and digestive enzymes make up _________ juice.
gastric
Explanation: Gastric juice is made up of stomach acid and digestive enzymes.
76
76. Food mixed with stomach secretions is termed ____________.
chime
Explanation: Chyme is food mixed with stomach secretions.
77
77. The fingerlike projections that line the small intestine and are responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream are termed _____________.
villi
Explanation: Villi are the small, fingerlike projections of the intestinal lining that provide a large surface area for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
78
78. The large intestine is also known as the _____________.
colon
Explanation: Another term for the large intestine is colon.
79
79. The role of the liver in the GI system is to produce ___________, a substance that aids in digesting fats.
bile
Explanation: Bile is a digestive juice produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps digest fat.
80
80. The liver is important in drug action because it breaks down or inactivates many drugs. Patients with poor liver function can suffer a(n) ______________ with some routinely administered drugs because their livers are unable to break down the drugs quickly.
overdose
Explanation: The liver is important in drug action because it breaks down or inactivates many drugs. Patients with poor liver function can suffer an overdose with some routinely administered drugs because their livers are unable to break down the drugs quickly.
81
81. A patient who presents with dyspepsia has __________________.
indigestion
Explanation: The medical term for indigestion is dyspepsia.
82
82. Failure to have regular bowel movements or infrequent and difficulty in movement known as _______________.
constipation
Explanation: Constipation is the failure to have regular bowel movements.
83
83. Lazy bowel syndrome can be caused by the overuse of _______________.
laxatives
Explanation: Lazy bowel syndrome may be caused by the overuse of laxatives.
84
84. Many disorders either result from, or cause changes in, the speed at which nutrients are carried through the GI tract. The term used to refer to the speed of peristalsis is intestinal motility. Changes in motility lead to either _________________ or ________________.
diarrhea, constipation
Explanation: Many disorders either result from, or cause changes in, the speed at which nutrients are carried through the GI tract.
85
86. An open sore in the stomach or duodenal lining is a(n) ____________
ulcer
Explanation: An ulcer is an open sore or break in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
86
87. Drugs that neutralize HCl in the stomach are _____________.
antacids
Explanation: Antacids are drugs that neutralize HCl in the stomach.
87
88. Healthcare workers need to be concerned about _____________ because it is blood-borne and may occur through accidental needlesticks.
hepatitis B virus
Explanation: Healthcare workers need to be concerned about hepatitis B virus because it is blood-borne and may occur through accidental needlesticks.
88
89. ________________ is a chronic, progressive disease of the liver characterized by degeneration and destruction of the liver cells.
Cirrhosis
Explanation: Cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive disease of the liver characterized by degeneration and destruction of the liver cells.
89
90. A chronic, nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease generally affecting the terminal ileum, jejunum, and colon is ______________________.
Crohn's disease
Explanation: Crohn's disease is a chronic, nonspecific inflammatory disease generally affecting the terminal ileum, jejunum, and colon.
90
91. The major symptoms of ________________________ are abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. The stools may range from 1 to 2 semisoft stools with small amounts of blood to 10 to 20 bloody stools per day.
ulcerative colitis
Explanation: The major symptoms of ulcerative colitis are abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. The stools may range from 1 to 2 semisoft stools with small amounts of blood to 10 to 20 bloody stools per day.
91
92. A group of symptoms characterized by intermittent abdominal pain associated with changes in bowel patterns that seem to be related to intolerance to certain foods or psychological factors is termed ____________________________.
irritable bowel syndrome
Explanation: Irritable bowel syndrome is not a disease but a group of symptoms characterized by intermittent abdominal pain associated with changes in bowel patterns that seem to be related to intolerance to certain foods or psychological factors.
92
93. The main function of antiflatulents is to reduce ____________ in the stomach and intestines that accompanies indigestion.
gas
Explanation: Antiflatulents are drugs that relieve gas pressure and bloating.
93
94. Emetics are drugs that induce ______________ in cases of poisoning.
vomiting
Explanation: Emetics are drugs that cause vomiting in cases of poisoning.
94
95. Patients experiencing motion sickness, morning sickness, and vomiting associated with some diseases and with chemotherapy may be prescribed _____________________.
antiemetics
Explanation: Antiemetics are drugs that prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.
95
96. Drugs that promote bowel movements are termed __________________.
laxatives
Explanation: Laxatives are drugs that promote defecation.
96
97. Antihelmintics are drugs given for helminthiasis, an intestinal infestation of ___________.
worms
Explanation: Anthelmintics are drugs given for helminthiasis, an intestinal infestation of worms
97
98. Patients who have a body mass index (BMI) of 27 and health problems as a result of the weight, or who have a BMI of 30, may be prescribed ________________ drugs.
weight-loss
Explanation: Weight-loss drugs may be prescribed for patients with a body mass index of 27 as result of the weight, or have a BMI of 30.
98
99. Alli promotes weight loss by decreasing absorption of ___________ in the intestine.
fat
Explanation:
Alli promotes weight loss be decreasing absorption of fat in the intestine. It must be taken with a multivitamin including A, D, and E to prevent loss of fat-soluble vitamins.
99
100.Patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia may abuse ____________.
laxatives
Explanation: Laxative abuse may be seen in patients with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
100
101.Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids, and Tums are examples of ______________.
antacids
Explanation: Examples of antacids are Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids, and Tums.
101
102.Metamucil, Dulcolax, and Correctol are laxatives used to treat _____________.
constipation
Explanation: Examples of laxatives to treat constipation include Metamucil, Dulcolax, and Correctol.
102
103.Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol, and Imodium are used to treat ________________.
diarrhea
Explanation: Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol, and Imodium are used to treat diarrhea.
103
104.It is important to keep track of the amount of _________________ when administering medication through a feeding tube.
water
Explanation: It is important to keep track of how much water used during the medication administration procedure because it is part of the patient's intake for the day.
104
105.A tube that is inserted through the nose or mouth and passes through the esophagus to the stomach is a(n) _________________ tube.
nasogastric
Explanation: A nasogastric tube is inserted through the nose or mouth and passes through the esophagus to the stomach.
105
106.The antibiotic Biaxin can be used to treat the causative agent of ________________________.
peptic ulcer disease
Explanation: Biaxin is an antibiotic used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
106
107.A high-calorie, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet can be used to treat _____________________.
cirrhosis
Explanation: A high-calorie, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet is used in the treatment of cirrhosis.
107
108.Using a straw to drink liquids can cause air to be swallowed and lead to ______________________.
flatulence
Explanation: When a patient drinks fluids with a straw that can lead to flatulence.
108
109.Anticholinergics are contraindicated for older adults with _____________, _________________, or _______________ disease.
coronary artery; renal; liver
Explanation:
Anticholinergics are contraindicated for older patients with coronary artery, renal, or liver disease.
109
110.Laxative abuse is most common in __________________________ patients.
older adult
Explanation: Laxative abuse is most common among older adult patients.
110
111.State the five main functions of the gastrointestinal system.
* breaking food into smaller pieces.
* transporting food through the GI tract.
* secreting digestive enzymes.
* absorbing nutrients into the blood.
* excreting solid waste.
111
112.Name the major parts of the GI system and tell what they do.
Mouth = breaks the food into small pieces.
Esophagus = allows food to the stomach.
Small Intestines = mixes food with digestive enzymes and absorption of nutrients.
large intestines = excess water is absorbed remains compacted into feces.
Liver = secretes bile, stores nutrients absorbed from small intestines, removes waste from blood, breaks down or inactivates many drugs.
Gallbladder = collects bile.
Pancreas = produces digestive enzymes, secretes insulin.
